清代官员的任用制度

为保证官员的政治标准,历代都重视官员的选拔任用。清代官员的任用,有一套严格的制度,主要包括任官的资格、官缺、任官的基本形式、任官的特殊形式、任用的方法等方面。     

由《史记·天官书》看上古社会的星占学思想

《史记·天官书》是我国传世的最早的天文学百科全书,也是一部对上古社会星占学思想予以总结的专书。尽管星占学是非科学的,但透过《天官书》,我们可以一窥上古社会星占学思想的理论基础和星占原则。其理论基础即天人合一观和阴阳五行说。其星占原则即"过度乃占"的原则、联想比拟的原则和关注"德"的原则。由此,对于我国上古社会的宗教史、思想史、政治史和文化史等的考察和研究具有重要意义。     

雍正奏折中官员人事档案工作内容及特点研究

雍正在位期间广泛使用奏折,使之逐渐成为清代统治者治理国家的一项重要政治制度.在雍正奏折中隐含着一套较为独特的官员人事档案管理思想,其中的一批朱笔引见单、官员履历折等材料更是具有现代人事档案管理因素.论文改变了以往文书档案研究思路,从官员人事档案角度对其进行发掘.初步分析出,雍正通过对官员档案管理工作的改革,在客观上使得...     

王充"仕数不偶"与汉代的选官制度

王充是东汉时期的一位优秀知识分子，勤奋好学、积极进取，在重视知识重视人才、察举选官盛行的东汉时代却“仕数不偶”。究其原因，最根本的应是王充的个人条件不符合汉代仕进制度的要求。     

党校图书馆为领导决策服务功能探析

本文通过对党校"思想库作用"和党校图书馆工作特点的分析,提出了党校图书馆在领导决策服务工作中的重要地位和作用,提出了组织专题文献、参与课题研究等具体的决策服务方式。     

科举“虚荣”名称辨析

科举制度演进过程中产生过许多反映士子虚荣心的名词,这些名词尚存在于历史遗迹中,常常混淆后人视听。考察清代科举人物的朱卷履历,则能发现更多科举社会的＂虚荣＂名称,主要表现在三方面：第一,低级功名高级化虚饰;第二,捐纳功名合法化修饰;第三,封赠荣誉扩大化掩饰。科举社会的＂虚荣＂现象是人们尊崇科举制度的必然结果,是等级社会科举人物凸显功名身份的重要方式。     

词人王鹏运任职台谏考

王鹏运作为"清季四大词人"之首和临桂词派的领军人物,其生平事迹时见言人人殊。在全面收集相关材料的基础上,以《王鹏运奏折》为主,结合其词作及其他相关记载,对王鹏运近十年任职台谏生涯进行深入考察分析,澄清若干事实,勾勒出一代词宗王鹏运作为一名正直爱国官吏的形象。     

The impact of a team's aggressive reputation on the decisions of association football referees

It has been suggested that individuals may use heuristic methods of reasoning and rely on schemata when a quick decision is necessary. Accordingly, it is possible that decisions made by sport officials may be influenced by prior knowledge they have about teams they are officiating. The aim of the present study was to determine whether sport officials are more likely to penalize individuals who participate in a team with an aggressive reputation. In a balanced design, 38 football referees were randomly assigned to either an experimental or control group and were presented with the same 50 video clips of incidents from football games, all involving a team in a blue strip ('blue team'). The incidents were categorized before the study by five experienced referees into fouls committed both by, and against, the blue team, where all participants agreed that a foul had been committed (certain incidents), disagreed it was a foul (uncertain incidents) or agreed that there was no foul (innocuous incidents). Both groups received written instructions before the task; in addition, the experimental group was informed that the blue team present in all of the clips had a reputation for foul and aggressive play. For each incident, the participants were required to indicate what action they would engage in if refereeing the game. Although there was no difference in the number of decisions made, the experimental group awarded significantly more red and yellow cards against the blue team both overall and for the 'certain' incidents. It is suggested that prior knowledge may impact referees' behaviour in a laboratory setting, although future research should explore whether a similar effect is observed in the behaviour of referees during football matches.