Actions and Updates on the Standards and Best Practices Front

Four standards and best practices recently released or currently underway at the National Information Standards Organization were presented: Knowledge Bases and Related Tools, Presentation and Identification of E-Journals, Open Discovery Initiative, and Open Access Metadata Indicators. Basics outlining the creation work and deliverables were shared for each project. Applicability of these standards and best practices for different stakeholders of the information community were discussed.     

基于开放知识服务的图书馆存在构想

图书馆是一种社会存在物,在开放知识环境下,其本质是图书馆人的劳动生产关系。图书馆人的劳动、再生产是图书馆发展变化的动力之源。图书馆存在是人化的图书馆自然存在与图书馆意识的统一,图书馆人的异化劳动是图书馆进化的表现,而不是图书馆衰败的象征。马克思社会存在论是构建当代图书馆发展支撑体系的理论基础,开放知识服务将是未来图书馆工作的主要内容。     

基于开放式教育背景下高职英语教师角色的探析

在开放式教学过程中,教师不单单只是学生的人生导师、知识的传授者、社会服务者和研究者,在一定制度和环境支持下还应该是校内外课堂的"导演"和"编剧",高职英语教学需要借鉴西方先进的教学方法和教学理念,在宏观和微观两个方面找准自己的角色,进一步深化英语教学改革,创新教学内容和教学方法,努力适应现代高职教育发展需要。     

李娜法网夺冠原因探索

采用录像观察法和逻辑分析法等研究方法,从制度因素、训练学因素和心理因素3个角度对李娜法网夺冠的原因进行探究.结果表明与2010年澳网时相比,李娜的技术更加全面,战术运用更为合理,体能更加充沛,心态更加稳定.在未来的训练比赛中李娜需进一步打破传统的思维束缚,更好地融入职业化网坛.     

开放大学建设路径选择上的两种倾向

是在电大的基础上转型,打造开放教育的升级版;还是与电大作历史切割,重起炉灶建新型高等学校？史实告诉我们,电大原本就是开放大学,所产生的问题不在于名号,要害是误读了邓小平对“开放教育”的中国特色的诠释———“多快好省的教育”。但我们在“好”字上未能交出令人满意的答卷。而开放大学,便正是“3G电大”,我们必须遵循开放教育发展的阶段性规律,尽可能快地让业内人士与业外大众看清楚“办好开放大学”的走向、途径和目标。打造开放教育升级版应注重优化而非割裂,既要正视电大的缺点、缺陷而进行改正、弥补和改造;又要针对电大的特点、优点而加以传承、发展,决不能轻率地毁弃、切割。     

数字资源长期保存开源软件比较研究

摘要论文介绍了8种数字资源长期保存开源软件：Invemo、DSpace、Epfints、Fedora、Dmpal、i-Tor、MyCoRe和OPUS,阐述了它们的产生和发展过程,并从软件概况、技术规范、知识库及系统管理、系统性能及系统维护5个方面进行了比较分析,概括了这些软件的共同点和不同点,希望能够为各机构选择长期保存软件提供参考,并为国内从事数字图书馆系统设计和开发的同行提供参考。     

国外机构知识库的开放存取政策与权益管理及启示

机构知识库是为了促进学术交流和知识共享而建立的数字化存储系统,全球已经有超过100个国家建立了2400余个不同类型的机构知识库.为了规范操作和便于管理,Dspace、UIR、SHERPA和EUA依据当前的最佳实践制定了各具特色的政策体系,为促进知识共享和学术传播提供了良好的运行环境.     

Open to suggestions: How organizations elicit suggestions through proactive and reactive attention

This paper analyzes organizations’ attempts to entice external contributors to submit suggestions for future organizational action. While earlier work has elaborated on the advantages of leveraging the knowledge of external contributors, our findings show that organizational attempts to attract such involvement are likely to wither and die. We develop arguments about what increases the likelihood of getting suggestions from externals in the future, namely through (1) proactive attention (submitting internally developed suggestions to externals to stimulate debate) and (2) reactive attention (paying attention to suggestions from externals to signal they are being listened to), particularly when those suggestions are submitted by newcomers. Findings from an analysis of about 24,000 initiatives by organizations to involve external contributors suggest these actions are crucial for receiving suggestions from external contributors. Our results are contingent upon the stage of the initiative because organizations’ actions exert more influence in initiatives that lack a history of prior suggestions. Our work has implications for scholars of open innovation because it highlights the importance of considering failures as well successes: focusing exclusively on initiatives that reach a certain stage can lead to partial or erroneous conclusions about why some organizations engage external contributors while others fail.     

Co-ownership of intellectual property: Exploring the value-appropriation and value-creation implications of co-patenting with different partners

Combining both interview data and empirical analyses at the patent and firm levels, we explore the value-appropriation and value-creation implications of R&D collaboration resulting in the co-ownership of intellectual property (i.e. co-patents). We make an explicit distinction between three different types of co-patenting partners: intra-industry partners, inter-industry partners, and universities. Our findings indicate that the value-appropriation challenges of IP sharing are clearly evident with intra-industry co-patenting, where partners are more likely to encounter overlapping exploitation domains. Co-patenting with universities is associated with higher market value, since appropriation challenges are unlikely to play a role and collaboration may signal novel technological opportunities. Although we find some evidence that co-patenting corresponds to higher (patent) value, patents co-owned with firms are significantly less likely to receive self-citations, indicating constraints on the future exploitation and development of co-owned technologies.     

2014年美网男单决赛“黑马选手”西里奇技术特征分析

运用文献资料法、录像观察法、数理统计法等,对西里奇与锦织圭在比赛中运用的各项技战术数据进行统计分析,结果显示：西里奇能够取胜的关键是其强势发球和犀利进攻这两大武器;同时他的一发得分率、破发成功率、网前得分率以及制胜分均优于对手,这些因素都是西里奇能够取得比赛胜利的基础。