2009-2018年高校图书馆读者借阅规律演化探究——以北京大学图书馆为例

借书数据是图书馆特有的、规范性强、延续性强的读者数据之一,探究其中蕴含的图书馆资源利用规律的变迁和读者借阅倾向的演化,是了解读者、亲近读者从而优化图书馆服务的基础。聚焦北京大学图书馆2009—2018年的借书数据,通过聚类分析、时间演化分析等方法,挖掘读者借书时间、借书主题、热门作者的演化规律。结果显示,近十年来,图书馆的借书服务努力克服时空限制,推动常态化服务的效果显著;不同类别图书间的阅读差异有所缩小,跨学科阅读现象更为普遍;上升类热门作者的出现通常与社会事件、阅读推广活动有一定关联。基于此结论为图书馆的资源建设和服务优化提出有益参考,丰富了图书馆读者数据的价值挖掘研究。     

文化遗产大数据二维分类框架研究

[目的/意义]数字化浪潮催生了类型繁多的海量文化遗产大数据,合理的分类已经成为文化遗产大数据科学管理与有效利用的关键。[研究设计/方法]根据文化遗产与大数据的基础理论提出了文化遗产大数据的概念及特征,并采用文献调研法对文化遗产数据分类现状进行探讨。[结论/发现]分类焦点应从具体类别的文化遗产信息向文化遗产大数据这一类资源整体转变;同时,现有分类体系中出现的维度单一、粒度粗糙、类目设置不严谨等问题也亟需解决。[创新/价值]采用组配分类法,以文化遗产大数据为研究对象,以文化遗产领域特征和数据特性为切入点,提出了基于文化遗产领域特征与数据特性的二维分类框架。     

国外健康科学数据管理实践及启示

[目的/意义]国外健康科学数据管理实践实现了健康科学数据的高效利用并促进了开放科学的发展,总结国外实践能为国内健康科学数据管理提供借鉴和启示。[研究设计/方法]基于科学数据管理能力成熟度模型和健康科学数据生命周期理论,构建了健康科学数据管理框架,从健康科学数据的管理计划、采集与评价、组织与保存、共享与再利用四个方面分析了国外健康科学数据管理实践。[结论/发现]国外基金委、科研机构和图书馆将健康科学数据管理计划提交设为科研项目的必要环节,数据安全保护是国外健康科学数据管理的重要议题。基于国外成熟经验,本研究从加强基金委与科研机构层面的健康科学数据管理计划制定、完善健康科学数据采集与评价体系、依托地方/高校图书馆建设健康科学数据仓储、权衡健康科学数据共享利用与数据安全间关系四个方面对国内健康科学数据管理实践给予建议。[创新/价值]将科学数据管理能力成熟度模型引入健康信息学领域,弥补了图书情报领域对于健康科学数据管理理论和管理实践研究的不足。     

科研人员流动中的性别差异研究

[目的/意义]科研人员已成为知识经济时代重要的人才要素,其在全球范围内的流动关乎各国人才战略。分析科研人员流动的性别差异,有助于更好地了解流动模式,同时有利于国家人才引进机制的完善。[研究设计/方法]在分析流动频次、回流倾向、流动时期选择的性别差异基础上,提出三个研究假设,根据假设提取并分析了ORCID数据库中截止2017年底的有跨国流动经历的26,315位科研人员简历。[结论/发现]①科研人员在流动频次上具有显著的性别差异,女性科研人员的流动频次少于男性;当流动次数增加时,对应人员比例降低;②在回流倾向上,女性与男性并无显著差异,英国的男性和西班牙的女性最倾向于回流;③科研人员在流动时期的选择上无显著的性别差异,男女均在职业生涯早期流动更多。[创新/价值]揭示了男女科研人员在流动中的不同倾向,为进一步探讨不同背景和条件下的差异现象及本质并寻求解决方法奠定了基础。     

政府与行业协会商会间行文演进研究

清政府、中华民国和中华人民共和国成立后这三个不同时期,政府与行业协会商会的关系主要表现为协助、制衡和新型合作形态的建立。公文是政府权力的外在表现,其程式和内容可以直接反映政府对行业协会商会的管理思路和手段;行业协会商会亦可通过公文表达其观点和立场。研究不同时期政会间行文演进情况,进而对政会间新型关系下的行文方式等提出看法。     

基于科学数据管理流程的科研机构职责分析

2018年3月国务院发布《科学数据管理办法》,强调科研机构作为科学数据管理的责任主体,应部署本机构科学数据的管理与服务体系。科研资助机构数据政策为科研机构明确了管理科学数据的过程中需要完成的任务与目标,可以有效推进科研机构的科学数据管理实践。按照科学数据管理流程的核心环节,系统分析并梳理国际科研资助机构的数据政策,将政策要求转化为科研机构在数据管理核心环节的职责与任务,以为我国科研机构有效部署科学数据管理工作提供参考。     

Application of machine learning techniques to assess the trends and alignment of the funded research output

Research and development activities are regarded as one of the most influencing factors of the future of a country. Large investments in research can yield a tremendous outcome in terms of a country’s overall wealth and strength. However, public financial resources of countries are often limited which calls for a wise and targeted investment. Scientific publications are considered as one of the main outputs of research investment. Although the general trend of scientific publications is increasing, a detailed analysis is required to monitor the research trends and assess whether they are in line with the top research priorities of the country. Such focused monitoring can shed light on scientific activities evolution as well as the formation of new research areas, thus helping governments to adjust priorities, if required. But monitoring the output of the funded research manually is not only very expensive and difficult, it is also subjective. Using structural topic models, in this paper we evaluated the trends in academic research performed by federally funded Canadian researchers during the time-frame of 2000–2018, covering more than 140,000 research publications. The proposed approach makes it possible to objectively and systematically monitor research projects, or any other set of documents related to research activities such as funding proposals, at large-scale. Our results confirm the accordance between the performed federally funded research projects and the top research priorities of Canada.     

ICPSR meets OAIS: applying the OAIS reference model to the social science archive context

This paper reviews the archival process at the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR), a repository of digital social science data, and maps ICPSR’s Ingest and Access operations to the Open Archival Information System (OAIS) Reference Model. The paper also assesses ICPSR’s conformance with the archival responsibilities of “trusted” OAIS repositories, with the proviso that audit criteria for archival certification are still under development. The ICPSR to OAIS mapping exercise has benefits for the larger social science archiving community because it provides an interpretation of the reference model in the quantitative social science environment and points to preservation-related issues that may be salient for other social science archives. Building on the archives’ long tradition of shared norms and cooperation, we may ultimately be able to design a federated system of trusted social science repositories that provides access to the global heritage.

Open Source software in US higher education: Reality or illusion?

As institutions of Higher Education try to balance limited resources with the rising costs of technology, some institutions are turning to Open Source software for campus-wide applications such as course management systems and portals. The assumption is that Open Source will provide the flexibility to build pedagogically sound learning environments while increasing technology efficiencies. This paper outlines the current state of Open Source software deployment in US Higher Education based on a survey of 772 Chief Academic Officers and Chief Information Officers conducted in 2006. The results indicate that Carnegie classification is a critical differentiator of awareness, adoption, and perceptions of Open Source software applications, with perceived cost of ownership being the key driver of Open Source adoption. Moreover, the study shows that institutions have made little progress in the development of polices and procedures for Open Source regulatory compliance and security. The study serves as a baseline for future research into the conditions for successful use of Open Source for supporting integrated learning environments that deliver campus-wide efficiencies.

非闭区域及奇点条件下格林公式的应用

平面区域上的二重积分可以通过沿区域的边界曲线上的曲线积分来表示,正是由于这个性质使得格林公式尤为重要。本文主要介绍在不满足公式使用条件的前提下,如何间接使用格林公式.