Managing open incremental process innovation: Absorptive Capacity and distributed learning

In this conceptual article, we extend earlier work on Open Innovation and Absorptive Capacity. We suggest that the literature on Absorptive Capacity does not place sufficient emphasis on distributed knowledge and learning or on the application of innovative knowledge. To accomplish physical transformations, organisations need specific Innovative Capacities that extend beyond knowledge management. Accessive Capacity is the ability to collect, sort and analyse knowledge from both internal and external sources. Adaptive Capacity is needed to ensure that new pieces of equipment are suitable for the organisation's own purposes even though they may have been originally developed for other uses. Integrative Capacity makes it possible for a new or modified piece of equipment to be fitted into an existing production process with a minimum of inessential and expensive adjustment elsewhere in the process. These Innovative Capacities are controlled and coordinated by Innovative Management Capacity, a higher-order dynamic capability.     

Why do commercial companies contribute to open source software?

Many researchers have pointed out that the open source movement is an interesting phenomenon that is difficult to explain with conventional economic theories. However, while there is no shortage on research on individuals’ motivation for contributing to open source, few have investigated the commercial companies’ motivations for doing the same. A case study was conducted at three different companies from the IT service industry, to investigate three possible drivers: sale of complimentary services, innovation and opensourcing (outsourcing). We offer three conclusions.     

论李娜在2011年法国网球公开赛技战术表现及启示

在法国网球公开赛中,李娜充分施展了她的接发球战术,以克制对手的攻势,对其取得胜利有着关键性的作用。通过对法国2011网球比赛和李娜的简介,分析李娜在法国2011年公开赛中球技表现,尤其对其发球、接发球战术进行深入研究,从而提炼其精髓以给网球爱好者或者专业网球人以启示和借鉴。     

以思想大解放 推动我校宣传工作的新跨越

宣传工作是完成学校中心工作任务的思想保证.当下电大向开放大学转型的过渡期,更突出了宣传工作的重要性,文章分析了广西电大近年来宣传工作及其不足,结合“思想解放赶超跨越”活动,提出了推动我校宣传工作新跨越的策略.     

远程开放教育物流管理专业第二课堂的实践与探索

第二课堂是推进素质教育、促进创新性实践型人才培养模式和实现教育目标的重要手段。开展第二课堂活动能对学生进行正确的理论指导,帮助学生顺利的投身社会,培养正确的价值观;能提高学生的自主学习能力,通过兴趣参与,实现从乐学到善学的转变。文章阐述了开展第二课堂活动的必要性,并结合广州电大物流管理专业第二课堂实践活动的情况,就如何开展第二课堂活动提出相关建议。     

高校图书馆面向社会开放的实践与模式探索

在分析高校图书馆向社会开放现有模式基础上,提出高校图书馆向社会服务可实行信息资源有限开放、人力资源全面开放的观点,通过两种途径向社会全面开放。     

On making public policy with publicly available data: The case of U.S. communications policymaking

A fundamental principle of public policymaking should be that public policy must be made with publicly available data. This article develops this position and applies it to an assessment of the current state of communications policymaking, a policy area in which controversies surrounding the transparency of policy research and the accessibility of policy-relevant data have been both common and extremely contentious in recent years. This article provides a detailed assessment of the challenges confronting greater transparency and accessibility of communications policy-relevant data, as well as a detailed set of proposals for improving the current situation, in an effort to build towards an environment in which public policy is made with publicly available data.     

高校型新型研发机构的运行机制研究——基于开放式创新的视角

高校主导的新型研发机构作为政产学研合作研发的有效载体,可以提高组织的创新效率,降低创新投资风险,促进区域自主创新能力的提升。开放式创新通过不同时空的创新资源在创新主体间流动,可最大程度释放创新资源的价值。因此,开放式创新成为高校型新型研发机构成长路径的必然选择。基于此,本文对开放式创新视角下的高校型新型研发机构四模块的运行机制进行了深入系统的分析,并提出针对高校型新型研发机构建设的政策启示。     

生物医学期刊开放代码政策调研

【目的】 系统梳理生物医学期刊开放代码政策,了解期刊政策在出版结果的代码公开可用性方面发挥的作用。【方法】 对152种生物医学期刊的作者说明和编辑政策进行人工审查,以分析期刊对开放代码的要求。【结果】 63.82%的期刊不同程度上要求作者开放代码,61.86%的期刊明确提到版权或许可67.01%的期刊并未提及开放代码的处理方式。【结论】 开放获取期刊的开放代码政策比传统订阅制期刊更普遍,公共在线存储库是大多数期刊推荐的公开代码存储平台,高影响因子期刊出台开放代码政策的概率比低影响因子期刊高。     

When does crowdsourcing benefit firm stock market performance?

Crowdsourcing is a particular form of open innovation (OI) that aims to boost idea-generation in innovation processes. The underlying rationale is that the collective intelligence of a large number of contributors outside the firm’s boundaries increases the likelihood of achieving ‘extreme outcomes’, i.e., high quality ideas with exceptional business potential. Due to the idiosyncrasies that differentiate crowdsourcing from other forms of OI, the findings from prior research on the performance implications of OI cannot be directly extended to crowdsourcing. Similarly, the findings on the effect of internal R&D on firm performance cannot be directly applied to crowdsourcing due to the greater uncertainty in dealing with a crowd of unknown individuals outside the organization whose ideas have to be evaluated and ultimately processed internally. Thus, while crowdsourcing research has recently burgeoned, it is ambiguous as to whether and when crowdsourcing is beneficial for firms. In fact, the overall effect of crowdsourcing on a firm’s future profits has not been thoroughly investigated. To fill this gap, we conducted an event study analyzing stock market reactions to crowdsourcing announcements, a forward-looking market-based measure able to isolate the effect of crowdsourcing on a firm’s future profits, which we refer to as firm stock market performance. Drawing on the resource-based view, we argue that an external crowd can become a valuable resource if the firm is able to extract value from it. Our findings show that two key contingency factors, i.e., brand value and investment opportunities, determine the boundary conditions that enable firms to extract value from the crowd, resulting in a positive stock market reaction to the announcement of a crowdsourcing campaign. In addition to advancing scholarly knowledge on crowdsourcing, our results provide practitioners with relevant indications for profitable crowdsourcing campaigns.