A review of ancient Egyptian pigments and cosmetics

The pigments used by the ancient Egyptians constitute the most diverse pigment palette of the ancient world. This review discusses the pigments and binders which were used, arranged principally in terms of the colours themselves, namely, the white, green, grey, black, brown, blue, red, orange, and yellow pigments. The chemical identity of these pigments is discussed with some details regarding the artefacts or time periods from which the pigment concerned has been identified. Combinations of pigments were used for creating some colours, especially: greens, pinks, blues, yellows, and a variety of pale hues by mixing primary colours with a white addition, such as calcite. The identification of ancient Egyptian pigments is often aggravated by chemical interactions between pigment and binder media, or between the pigment and environmental pollutants, or both. The nature of the binders and varnishes used in ancient Egypt is briefly discussed. The identification of green pigments from ancient Egypt is often difficult, and some of the recent research concerning the topic is reviewed. In addition to including relevant details from older literature, this review provides a synopsis of recent studies which have appeared since the last major review carried out by Lee and Quirke in 2000.     

Empire Redefined: Part 1

During the 17th and 18th centuries, the Dutch East India Company exerted monopolistic control over spices and coffee, with huge financial returns for those who invested in the company. Also during this time, a combination of business factors emerged to allow the early distribution of published works to gain hold and become a viable commercial enterprise. The early years of Dutch publishing are not well known but when examined they parallel the historical context in which geopolitical empires were the norm. The story of the start of a modern day publishing house is examined through the dual histories of two Dutch business ventures that thrived and failed during a turbulent time of colonial exploitation.     

唐传奇"史才"考论

唐传奇作者之"史才"不等同于历史学意义上的史学才能,却又与史学联系密切。从唐代史官制度与文学之关系的角度来考察,小说家"史才"当从"假小说以寄笔端"中求取,其实质包孕史学传承、历史意识生成、历史笔法借鉴等涵义。     

历代广东词人综录

通过勾稽史料,检阅多种总集、别集、选本、方志、馆藏目录及目录学著作,可以考得五代以迄民国时期广东词人至少三百八十四家。     

迟子建小说的"记忆"呈现

在迟子建小说的想象艺术中，有关童年与历史记忆的书写是其中重要的组成。作家通过对视角择取、意象营造等记忆呈现方式的技术化处理，展现出的不仅是那个独特时代环境下带有鲜明地域和化印记的人类最为生动鲜活的生存场景，同时更多展露出的则是作家对于现实社会的凝重思索和对人性温情的热切渴望。     

The Structural Adjustment of Football in Zambia: Politics,Decline and Dispersal, 1991–1994

Abstract

This paper explores multiple and complex relationships between football (soccer), politics, and the economy in postcolonial Zambia. Based on archival and oral sources collected in Zambia, the paper argues that President Frederick Chiluba’s government failed to support football development when it came into power in 1991 because it was elected on a platform of liberalizing the collapsing national economy. Chiluba privatized state-owned companies that were sponsoring the game resulting in the plummeting of the local standards and migration of talented footballers abroad in search of better livelihoods. Furthermore, the paper argues that while the exodus of talented footballers led to the deterioration of the standards of the local league, their transnational experience boosted the performance of the Zambia national football team. This led to the emergence of one of the best national teams the country has ever had. Unfortunately, this particular team perished in the Gabon air disaster in 1993 following the government’s disinvestment in the game. However, a few months after the disaster, the country managed to rebuild a national football team, which emerged as runners up to Nigeria in the 1994 African Cup of Nations final as a result of a large pool of local and foreign-based football players.     

Disentangling Race: Re-Narrating Apartheid Sport?

Abstract

This paper involves a search for interracial entanglements in South African sport and considers how these experiences may be narrated. The paper comprises three sections. The first provides an overview of traditional narratives of apartheid and apartheid sport that focus on race as a perpetual marker of social division. The second section shifts attention to the gaps, blind spots, mistakes, paradoxes, ironies, anomalies, ambiguities and invisibilities in the structures of apartheid that allowed for racial encounters and entanglements. The paper concludes with a discussion about the methodological and political implications of incorporating racial entanglements into narratives of apartheid sport.     

以图画为本位的文学--图画书的演变史

中国原创图画书开始走向世界,但中国图画书的历史可能比西方更早。图画书本质上是一种出版现象,在中西方不同文化背景中有不同的呈现方式。中西方图画书同源于儿童读物的插图,随着出版科技的进步和读图时代的到来,从“出版热”逐渐形成“文学热”,从“文字的儿童读物”演化为“图画书的儿童文学”,在新世纪交流融合中发展为儿童文学的典型样式——绘本。中国原创图画书的复兴有其深刻的历史文化背景和深厚的民族文学传统,建设中国特色的图画书评价标准和理论体系应该提上议事日程。     

缘起法则缺失--"重写文学史"散论

文章通过对重写文学史的缘起、应遵循的方法原则及在写作中当预防的层面等的阐述，阐明了文学史写作的终极目标虚是产生出具有审美性和个人立场的研究型的学术著作，且这种文学史的重写工作需要不断进行。     

人道主义的超越：马克思的人道主义思想研究

在建立历史唯物主义的过程中，马克思把自己历史观和世界观意义上的人道主义改造为伦理学和价值学意义上来看待，是西方思想中固有的传统并且是占据主导地位的。这种人道主义偏重于对历史的人性化理解和解释，而缺少对人本身价值要求的真正关注；把人道主义当作伦理和价值学方面的准则和要求来看待，并把其当作理解人道主义的出发点和全部内涵．则是马克思人道主义思想对西方历史观和世界观的人道主义的超越。