The fault is in ourselves: looking at ‘failures in implementation’

While implementers are often blamed, reformers themselves are usually responsible for sub‐optimal implementation of educational reform projects. This article shows that the conditions for successful implementation, which are known and accessible, are frequently ignored. The case study concerns a university that is engaged in in‐service teacher education reform in Pakistan, focusing on introducing a ‘learner‐centred’ approach in schools. The research identified severe shortcomings related to implementation of the new approach, mostly relating to a failure by the teacher‐educators to understand and adapt to the actual contexts in which the teachers work. Finally, we suggest reasons why there are so many instances of failed reforms in developing countries.     

论女性犯罪动机类型及其教育引导

女性,本应是温婉、善良、富有爱心的代名词,但近年来女性犯罪事件频发,给社会安定带来严重的不良影响.本文探讨了女性犯罪动机的四种主要类型,即财物型犯罪动机、情感型犯罪动机、无知型犯罪动机和恶逆变型犯罪动机,并就犯罪女性的教育引导提出建议,以期为改善女性犯罪现状尽绵薄之力.     

Gender and ethnic differences in perceptions of equal opportunity climate and job outcomes of US Army Reserve component personnel

We examined equal opportunity climate (EOC) perceptions of reserve component personnel in the US Army (n = 949). We expected that gender and ethnic group membership would influence perceptions of the equal opportunity climate; and that gender and ethnic group membership would moderate the relationship between equal opportunity climate perceptions and ratings of job satisfaction, organizational commitment and workgroup effectiveness. Consistent with our hypothesis, we found the women and minorities perceptions regarding the equal opportunity climate were less favorable than White men. We also found that both gender and ethnicity moderated the relationship between equal opportunity climate perceptions and job outcomes of these groups. Our findings suggest that different groups are sensitive to particular aspects of EOC (e.g., harassment or discrimination) and that these sensitivities affect job-related outcomes.     

Understanding sport event volunteers’ continuance intention: An environmental psychology approach

The purpose of this study was to investigate influences of environmental and personal factors on volunteers’ behavioral intention. More specifically, the authors examined the relationships among work climate, intrinsic motivation, attitude, emotional exhaustion, and continuance intention through the lens of environmental psychology model. Survey forms tapping the interested outcomes were collected from 924 volunteers of a national sporting event in China. Results of structural equational modeling supported all hypothesized relationships, except the negative relationship between emotional exhaustion and continuance intention. This study expanded the understanding and application of the environmental psychology model in the context of volunteerism in sport.     

合理配置人才 促进图书馆改革与发展

本文阐述了馆长在图书馆工作中的地位、作用,并对优秀馆长所应具备的素质和选拔任用做了探讨。同时谈到部分图书馆人才结构失调的原因、现状,提出优化人才结构及适应图书馆的具体措施。     

对普通高校体育改革中体育思想的认识

体育思想是人们对体育现象认识的理性阶段，它表现为系统理论化了的观点和学说，是人们对体育现象的自觉反映。本文着眼于高校体育改革进行理论探讨，结合当前高等学校体育改革中的实践，进一步论证高等学校体育改革中的体育思想，以便能为高校体育改革提供参考。     

数字连续性战略视域下的档案管理体制改革

数字环境下,档案管理体制改革面临管理对象再界定、档案价值再实现、职能关系再构建与技术能力再提升等挑战。数字连续性战略的核心在于保障数字信息资源的连续性,其基本理念是保障档案部门主导、关注信息效益、聚焦业务与协同发展以及强化技术支撑。数字连续性战略指导我国档案管理体制改革应该注重促进档案机构的"信息转向"、增加档案资产意识、加强业务协同、强化技术建设。     

e-Government services for faith-based organizations: Bridging the organizational divide

In this paper, we examine the challenges faced by faith-based institutions in a low-income, predominantly Black community seeking to take advantage of grants provided through the White House Office of Community and Faith-Based Initiatives (FBCI). FBCI is an e-Government program that assists nonprofit organizations in competing for Federal dollars with fewer bureaucratic barriers. Informed by the design-actuality framework, we interviewed clergy at seven faith-based organizations. The intent of this analysis is to juxtapose the design intentions of the government officials with the actualities expressed by the intended benefactors of the initiative. Our findings suggest that this e-Government initiative may unwittingly exacerbate existing disparities in the strategic use of information and communication technologies (ICT).