试论行为科学的局限性

行为科学是近期热门的研究领域,研究者以多学科视角和科学的态度审视人的行为,政府和个人希望通过行为科学研究提高管理质量,笔者认为行为科学本身在研究对象、研究方法、学科地位和应用难度等四个方面具有局限性,应当受到对行为科学持乐观态度的公众的关注.     

Price space and product demography: Evidence from the workstation industry, 1980–1996

This study adds to the product innovation literature by emphasizing the important yet understudied role of price distribution in shaping product demography (i.e. new product introductions and exits). While prior research has focused on market niches in the technological and geographic spaces in order to explain product demography, price space has received very limited attention despite the important role of price in the market. We posit that product dynamics are largely shaped by the existing price distribution. More specifically, we argue that local density in price space determines both the likelihood of existing products exiting the market and the rate of new products entering it. Analyzing product exit and entry in the U.S. workstation industry from 1980 to 1996, we find that while price density increases an existing product’s exit rate, new products are also more likely to enter the niches where the price density is high. We also draw attention to internal price density within multiproduct firms, analyzing a product’s price distance from the other products launched by the same firm. We find that this type of internal price density decreases both existing products’ exit rate and new products’ entry likelihood. Our emphasis on price space contributes to the literature on product innovation and demography.     

Relationships between IT department culture and agile software development practices: An empirical investigation

IT department culture has been widely recognized as an important factor that influences the adoption of agile practices. Yet, the research pertaining to the relationship between IT department culture and agile practices usage remains underexplored. This study proposes and tests the relationships between four competing cultural forms and two types of agile practices - social and technical. The findings contribute to the extant literature by integrating the competing values model of culture into the literature on factors affecting agile development at the IT department level.     

普惠性科技金融发展的探索与实践——基于广东经验

科技金融作为我国创新驱动发展和建设创新型国家的重要手段和基本保证,对推动经济高质量发展特别是民营经济的创新发展至关重要。广东作为全国经济大省和创新高地,科技金融服务同样走在全国前列,首创性开展了“普惠性科技金融”的探索。本文从普惠性科技金融的理论研究出发,分析总结广东开展“普惠性科技金融”的实践经验,得出广东通过构建多维度风险补偿机制、创新财政投入方式与力度、强化政策性科技金融服务平台的普惠特性、完善普惠性金融服务生态等,多组织协同推进以科技信贷、天使投资等为主的普惠性科技金融服务,有力提升了科技金融的普惠面、渗透率和服务效应。最后从政府角色定位与治理方式、激励引导政策、市场退出机制、金融生态环境等方面为普惠性科技金融的加速发展给出了建议启示。     

基于客户评论和语料库的在线酒店信誉维度挖掘

以携程网上消费者对酒店的文本评论为研究对象,通过对文本评论中的词语进行聚类,得到其中隐含的消费者最关注的酒店评价维度。为保证词语聚类的效果,引入语料库作为对比文档,通过分词、特征项表示、特征词编码标注、词义相似度计算以及基于DBSCAN的文本聚类过程,得到最后的评价维度,并以实例详细说明每个过程中所采用的方法及步骤。     

Knowledge sharing in inter-unit cooperative episodes: The impact of organizational structure dimensions

We study how classic organizational structure dimensions should be altered to be more adapted to organizational knowledge sharing. In particular, we look at the dimensions: coordination, centralization, formalization, and specialization, in their relationship to the concept of knowledge sharing. Empirical data was collected by means of a questionnaire in two companies. Our findings indicated that expected relationships, such as the negative effect of centralization or the positive effect of lower formalization, were not found. Interdependency and knowledge complexity, caused by specialization, had an important interacting effect on the relationship between coordination and knowledge sharing. A comparison between the two companies revealed that the organization-specific context in which the coordination is applied influences the potential of this coordination for knowledge sharing.     

Organizational and institutional influences on creativity in scientific research

This paper explores institutional and organizational influences on creativity in scientific research. Using a method for identifying creative scientific research accomplishments in two fields of science (nanotechnology and human genetics) in Europe and the US, the paper summarizes results derived from twenty case studies of highly creative research accomplishments, focusing on contextual patterns at the group, organizational, and institutional levels. We find that creative accomplishments are associated with small group size, organizational contexts with sufficient access to a complementary variety of technical skills, stable research sponsorship, timely access to extramural skills and resources, and facilitating leadership. A potential institutional threat to creative science is the increase in competitive research council funding at the expense of flexible institutional sponsorship. Implications for research management and research policy are considered.     

基于组织学习的知识创新过程研究

本文首先界定了知识创新与知识创造、组织学习的关系,然后从组织学习过程模型出发,分析了组织学习过程中的组织创新,最后探讨了基于组织学习的知识创新过程模型。     

图书馆员工作满意度回归分析模型的构建

本文以多元线性回归为数据分析手段,在系统考察当今图书馆员工作满意度影响因素的基础上,建立了以工作满意度为因变量的回归模型。模型的自变量涉及三类:人口学的基本信息;快乐指数因子;组织承诺因子。最后又进一步对这些因子的影响效应进行了分析。