浅谈城市雕塑的社会功能

雕塑艺术形式在几千年的历史长河中跨越世界不同的国家及民族而经久不衰。城市雕塑,在公共环境中赋予人们美的感受和联想,其魅力四射、深入生活,具有强烈的生命力,这一切均在于它自身的社会功能。本文通过分析闽北部分雕塑案例来探讨城市雕塑的社会功能。     

城市雕塑中的作品与环境关系——以《动感五环》作品分析为例

城市发展的需求为现代城市雕塑事业提供了很好的发展平台,城市雕塑已经越来越密切地出现在人们的生活当中,成为人们生活环境的重要组成部分。"雕塑作品"与"环境"是城市雕塑的两个重要元素,两者之间的关系是城市雕塑专业学生必须梳理清楚的一个重要问题。     

Reflective Practice as a Means for Preparing to Teach Outdoors in an Ecological Garden

Although teachers are engaged in many field-trips, they seldom have the pedagogical knowledge and experience to enact them. This article presents an effort to support reflective practice of teachers in the outdoors. The teaching experience of five pre- and in-service teachers included preparation for teaching in the outdoors, designing learning materials, teaching elementary and junior-high school students in an ecogarden, and reflecting upon these teaching experiences. The data collected by teachers and researchers highlighted challenges such as lack of confidence, class management and inadequate student motivation. The group and the instructors’ support and collaboration and careful preparation yielded a positive outdoor teaching experience. We suggest that supported field experience followed by individual and group reflection are promising in encouraging teachers to carry out outdoor learning activities.     

登山户外运动风险管理研究

登山户外运动是高危险体育项目,近十年来登山户外运动"山难"事故呈上升趋势。本文运用数据统计法、实地调查法、归纳总结法对我国登山户外运动的风险管理进行研究,旨在分析我国户外等高风险体育运动项目事故产生的原因和发生的规律,探寻登山户外运动风险管理的方法和途径。得出的结论是:在登山户外运动等高危险性体育项目中,事故发生有规律可循,是可以认识的,事故的伤亡率可以降低;系统的高危险性体育项目安全保障的理论、相应的对策和措施、迅速有效的应急反应能够为登山户外等高危险性体育项目提供一定的安全保障,促使我国高危险性体育项目安全健康有序地发展,提升高危险性体育运动项目的发展水平。     

四川省户外运动中自然灾害的安全管理

本文采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、归纳总结法等研究方法,对四川省户外运动中因自然灾害的发生所造成的山难事故进行分析,探寻户外运动中自然灾害的类型,并提出相应的安全管理对策,以此来唤起人们树立安全意识,加强风险防范,预防和减少在户外运动中因自然灾害的发生而造成的人员伤亡、财产损失和不良社会影响,促使四川省户外运动安全、健康、有序地发展。     

议白族民居建筑装饰

从考古学的角度和白族族源的角度分析了白族建筑装饰艺术的起源及发展,并将白族建筑装饰按艺术门类的不同进行了分类说明.     

赫曼斯的翻译规范观评析

赫曼斯认为规范的基本特征包括指导性、约束力和强制性,具有社会调节作用;同时它反映或者预设人们的普遍认同、共识和相互期待。他把规范区分为约束力较强的规范（或强制性规范）和约束力不强的规范。这有助于区分翻译研究中的惯例、规范和规则等几个概念。描述翻译中的规范是一个解释、推理的问题,应该注意区分几种不同的立场或方法。     

Science teacher education for sustainable development: a case study of a residential field course in a Norwegian pre-service teacher education programme

In this paper, we explore how a Norwegian teacher education institution promotes education for sustainable development (ESD) through a residential field course. The residential field course was located in a mountain area and data were collected through participant observation. The data included—together with instructional artefacts—evaluation schemes and assignments written by the student teachers, and the analysis was based on categories for science ESD. Through exemplary teaching experiences in an outdoor environment and pupil-active teaching methods, such as inquiry learning and phenomenon-based teaching, the student teachers gained experience in outdoor education and of stepping into the unknown in a safe learning environment. This was further connected to ESD pedagogy.     

The ‘outdoor school’ as a school improvement process: empirical results from the perspective of teachers in Germany

This paper focuses on school improvement processes in the context of weekly curricular-based teaching and learning activities outside the classroom – known as Draußenschule or ‘outdoor school’ – in three German primary schools. Qualitative interviews were conducted with three teachers two years after implementing the ‘outdoor school’. The teachers’ experiences show that the implementation and (ongoing) development of an outdoor school affects (1) teaching as such; (2) the school staff, and (3) the entire school as an organisation. The three areas are interlinked in different ways and the school improvement process cannot be approached from the perspective of any one area alone.     

Everyday teaching and outdoor learning: developing an integrated approach to support school-based provision

In the UK, teachers are increasingly being encouraged to support and undertake outdoor learning. Despite such support there is a paucity of research that has considered how outdoor learning can be implemented and offered on a regular basis by teachers. The lack of empirical research that has centralised the role of the teacher is at odds with the interest in this topic and the need for theory-driven guidance suited to teachers. Research is reported that aimed to support the provision of outdoor learning opportunities for children aged between three and eleven at nine settings (pre- or primary schools) in Scotland and England. A set of flexible guidelines that link theory and practice were used by 14 teachers. This article focuses on teachers’ reports of their activity. The incorporation of outdoor learning within conventional teaching and learning approaches is found to be feasible and the implications for practice and future research are explored.