浅析闽王祠建筑灰塑及彩绘的审美文化特征

闽王祠灰塑与彩绘艺术是福州传统祠堂装饰的典型案例。它饰域完整、工艺丰富,展示了传统建筑装饰工艺的审美特色;题材鲜明、表意通俗,体现了闽东祠堂装饰文化儒释道三教合一的典型特征;造型秀逸、格调清丽,充溢着“海滨邹鲁”的福州人文底蕴和闽东独特的海洋文化气息。闽王祠灰塑与彩绘艺术的造型语言和审美样式丰富了福州祠堂文化的审美内容,同时也为闽东灰塑彩绘传统工艺的传承与发展提供了有益的文化审美支撑。     

Learning outdoors or with a computer: the contribution of the learning setting to learning and to environmental perceptions

ABSTRACT

Background: Outdoor learning and computer-based learning are two different alternatives to in-class conventional teacher-centered learning.

Purpose: This study compares the outdoor learning setting with computer-based learning in class. It examines the influence of the two different learning settings on academic achievements, the learning experience, and pro-environmental perceptions.

Sample: A total of 90 elementary school students (third and fourth-grade classes) participated in the study.

Design and methods: The academic knowledge of the study participants was tested through identical exams for both learning settings. In addition, in each group the students’ perceptions were examined by means of a questionnaire about environmental values and the learning experience.

Results: The study demonstrates that academic achievements in the two settings were similar, but the students expressed more enthusiasm about the outdoor learning experience than about in-class learning. In addition, the outdoor learning setting contributed more to promoting positive environmental perceptions even though students did not learn directly about environmental issues and sustainability.

Conclusions: These findings suggest that learning in the natural environment is valuable: Alongside the fostering of computerized learning, it is also important to promoteoutdoor learning settings and integrate both settings by implementing mobile technologies in the outdoor teaching.     

城市雕塑的价值与价值的实现

城市雕塑是公共艺术建设的重要组成部分，其特征更注重与城市空间和人环境的联系。本论及城市雕塑的历史、社会、人、艺术等方面的独特价值，并探求了一些城市雕塑价值实现的途径。     

GIS在户外游憩管理与规划中的应用进展

本文回顾了GIS在户外游憩规划、游憩地理信息系统、游憩管理决策、游憩环境监测中的应用状况;指出了GIS在户外游憩管理与规划中应用的局限性,包括(1)因缺乏专业技术人员而导致数据来源和质量难以保证;(2)在户外游憩管理与规划中的应用水平仅停留于数据库管理层次;(3)因建立GIS数据库需要大量的人力、物力,使其推广与应用受到很大限制;提高终端用户的平台界面设计的友好程度,加强游憩管理与规划专业模块的开发与设计,以及提高游憩管理与规划机构利用GIS技术的意愿等措施是促进GIS在户外游憩管理与规划中应用的关键。     

小郭泥塑艺术探论

小郭泥塑艺术起源于清代咸丰年间,其艺术技艺高超,艺术成果丰硕。小郭泥塑外部造型完整统一,夸张、简洁而不粗俗。小郭泥塑出路开拓需要强化保护意识,强化教育意识,强化与科学结合,强化市场观念,强化创新思维。这样小郭泥塑就能得到继承和发展。     

凤翔泥塑的艺术特色

凤翔泥塑造型粗犷夸张,简练概括,浑圆古朴,有大汉之风,在造型上汲取和保留了汉代石刻和陶俑的造型特点、又和当地“花馍”的造型有相似之处,吸收了剪纸、刺绣、装饰纹样等各种民间艺术技法。     

‘Control must be maintained’: exploring teachers’ pedagogical practice outside the classroom

Drawing on qualitative data, this article presents an analysis of six secondary science teachers’ expectations and practices related to teaching outdoors during a professional development programme. Using Foucault’s and Bernstein’s theories of ‘space’, routines and set practices, I argue that participant teachers’ fear of losing control of their students when in contexts outside the classroom was constructed as place specific in terms of boundaries (or lack of), familiarity and disturbance. Teachers’ ‘fearful’ expectations when outside triggered the initial use of regulatory technologies that were frequently more assertive and controlling than their usual classroom practice, resulting in increased authoritative teaching approaches. However, once technologies of power were developed for use outside, teachers were able to translate and apply their normal dialogic teaching approaches from the classroom. The article concludes with a discussion of student self-regulation through collaborative group work as a step towards resolving the tensions between dialogic pedagogy and teaching in new contexts.     

‘Children’s clans’; social organisation and interpretive reconstruction as aspects on development of peer-groups in outdoor play

The focus of this article is children’s self-organisation of peer-groups through play. The play was initiated by encounters with the environment. The use of ethnographic methods in early childhood research has proved helpful to elucidate, interpret, and understand children’s experiences and the creation of meaning in their everyday lives. This inquiry draws on field notes, informal conversations with the children, and photos from a study of kindergarten children’s experiences of outdoor places and landscapes in Norway. Going out of doors together with the children regularly over a period of 10 months revealed aspects of how children’s interactions in play connect to their use of natural landscapes and its place in peer-group social organisation. The data are presented as ‘narrative maps’ and episodes written as ‘emplotted’ narratives.     

Fostering changes in attitude,knowledge and behavior: demographic variation in environmental education effects

This study employs a uniquely multi-factorial, large-scale design to investigate baseline differences and the effects of a singular outdoor educational program on environmental attitudes, knowledge and behavior among primary and secondary school students educated in four different countries. Statistical modelling approaches employed country of residence, age, nationality, sampling year, gender and urban/ rural habitation as predictor variables. Baseline scores were explained by a number of predictors but country of residence and rural-urban differences appeared as the most consistent explanatory variable for positive changes in attitude, knowledge and behavior. Given the nexus of political, social, natural and cultural data contained within the residence variable, we discuss the complex web of drivers that may influence environmental literacy and environmentally responsible behavior. Spatial variation in the value of outdoor education programs is also discussed.     

高校如何进行户外体育课程教学

户外运动已经慢慢融入我们的生活,越来越多的人加入其中,一种时尚的运动方式在慢慢成型。户外运动带来了新的运动理念,是热爱运动之人的新宠儿。高校体育课程一般是在学校内的室内体育馆或是在体育场进行。可是常常出现同时上体育课的学生过多,而运动场所有限,运动项目受限制等诸多问题。户外体育课程可以有效的解决一部分问题,同时也给高校体育课带来新的活力。