从专题报道看《城市画报》对“新生活”的建构

《城市画报》以"新生活的引领者"自居,其取得成功的主要原因是由于它对"新生活"这一概念的把握与理解,并使之建构的生活理念与生活方式成为城市人生活的引导。文章从最能反映杂志核心意义的专题报道入手,分析《城市画报》对作为"新生活"的都市生活文化的建构,并由此探讨"新生活"理念的未来发展方向。     

“怎么”的句法功能及其语法化过程初探

从语法化的一般演化规律出发,对“怎么”的六种询问句法功能及其语法化过程、规律及伴随条件进行初步探讨,从而看出“怎么”语法化的两个演变方向：一是由询问方式语法化为询问原因,句法上由内而外,直到独立成句;另一是由询问方式语法化为询问主体状况或性状的谓语,句法上由外而内,直到充当最低一级的句法成分定语。这两种语法化方向都遵循...     

以《幼儿画报》为例谈对幼儿良好习惯的培养

《幼儿画报》总是能把引人入胜的故事和朗朗上口的儿歌紧密结合起来,以便帮助幼儿养成良好的习惯。从2014年的《幼儿画报》中,可以看出它对幼儿几方面良好习惯的培养起到了重要作用：培养幼儿保持挺拔姿势的好习惯;培养幼儿爱刷牙讲卫生的好习惯;培养幼儿做事干净利索的好习惯。总之,《幼儿画报》采用故事与儿歌相结合的方式,为幼儿良好习惯的培养打下坚实的基础。     

Commentary on: Melanie Nind and Mary Kellett (2002). 'Responding to individuals with severe learning difficulties and stereotyped behaviour: challenges for an inclusive era'

The results of a study examining the psychometric quality of a pictorial scale to measure perceived physical competence, perceived cognitive competence and perceived social acceptance by peers and caregivers in individuals with intellectual disabilities are reported. The scale was administered twice to 100 subjects. The stability of the scale proved good: the test–retest correlations were sufficiently high and significant; and the internal consistency of the scale also proved good. To establish the internal validity of the scale, the correlations between the four subscales were calculated. The correlations were reasonable, which shows coherence between the four scales but also sufficient differentiation. The correlations between the two subscales for social acceptance were quite high, and it was therefore decided to combine them. To gain insight into the external validity of the pictorial scale, a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was constructed to measure the three domains of perceived competence from the pictorial scale in a more global manner. The VAS yielded reliable results. The correlations between the VAS and the pictorial scale were moderate to reasonable. Finally, the scores on the pictorial scale did not vary according to sex or level of functioning. All of the subscales differed according to age, however. Individuals over the age of 35 scored significantly lower than younger individuals. The results of this research show the pictorial scale to be a reliable instrument for the measurement of perceived competence and social acceptance in individuals with intellectual disabilities.     

20th century artists’ oil paints: The case of the Olii by Lucio Fontana

During the 20th century, many innovative binders have been rapidly introduced to the art world and soon became popular as artists’ paints and pictorial media. However, despite the advantages that new synthetic materials presented, oil paints have never been entirely substituted. Indeed, this paper focuses on the results provided by the scientific analysis of a group works from the oeuvre of Lucio Fontana (1899–1968), all of which created between 1960 and 1964 using oil-based media, and aims to illustrate how oils contained in the pictorial media have influenced these works’ respective ageing and degradation processes. Despite the apparent coherence in the behaviour of many of Fontana's creations, some artworks revealed discrepancies in terms of the physical and mechanical behaviour of the pictorial films and in alterations resulting from degradation processes. Samples taken from case studies belonging to the Olii and Fine di Dio series were analysed using optical microscopy, X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy in attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) in order to study and identify the materials employed by the artist and the products of their degradation processes. These analyses gave unexpected but useful results (such as the presence of non-drying or slow-drying oils in the paint formulations) which not only provided us with new insight into the nature of the constituent materials, but also facilitated the elaboration of correct conservation measures and suitable restoration interventions.     

雅俗共赏的《点石斋画报》

《点石斋画报》在近代中国报刊业大获成功，究其原因，首先是《点石斋画报》关注社会热点问题，注重传播“新知”，满足社会各阶层求知的欲望；其次，由于石印术的引进，使印刷成本大大降低，适应人们的购买力；再次《点石斋画报》开启了中国历史上图文互释的画报体式，使《点石斋画报》成为老少成宜、雅俗共赏的画报。而鲁迅对《点石斋画报》恰如其分的评价，既表彰了功绩，又避免刻意拔高。《点石斋画报》生动地展现了晚清时代各阶层人物的思想涌动和社会变化，这对于我们直观感受历史，理解近代中国社会生活的各个层面，是一个内容十分丰富的文化宝库。     

字体设计的表现形式

汉字的“六书”造字法及其演变规律能启发无穷的设计创意。现代字体创意设计方法更多地来源于会意造字和象形造字，其设计强调：表意，即表明文字的意义；识别，与众不同的个性化表现；美感，装饰性和艺术性的体现。实现三者的手段主要包括图式表现与合字表现两种方法。     

The scientific approach to the restoration and monitoring of mural paintings at S. Girolamo Chapel – SS. Annunziata Church in Florence

The scientific approach to the restoration and monitoring of mural paintings, at S. Girolamo Chapel – SS. Annunziata Church in Florence, is reported as a fruitful example of the synergic collaboration between restorers and scientists in the planning and development of conservative interventions. Before restoration, the painting technique and the state of preservation of the pictorial cycle have been investigated firstly by close examination of the painted surfaces and then by optical and/or SEM-EDS microscopy and μFT-IR spectroscopy on appropriately selected samples. In particular, the original constituent materials and those belonging to subsequent restorations were characterized together with those originating from decay processes. In this mural painting cycle, a peculiar “fresco” technique has been used although an auxiliary binder for pigment distemper has been also employed. The use of this technique, sometimes in an improper way together with uncorrected restoration interventions, are the main responsible of the unsatisfactory state of conservation of many painted areas. Preliminary conservation trials and scientific studies were carried out to design the most convenient restoration intervention and to verify the correctness and non-invasive of the necessary operations. Special attention was devoted to cleaning procedures, continuously monitored by a physico-chemical methodology, mainly based on microinvasive, microscopic and spectroscopic investigations, to evaluate the efficiency, advantages and drawbacks of the proposed cleaning procedures and define the most appropriate ones. Finally, specific decay markers have been recognized, by a comparison of the results obtained from the detached samples with those deriving from artificially aged models, to be used for a correct future monitoring and maintenance of the wall paintings.     

《点石斋画报》的史料价值

作为晚清较有影响力的第一份画报——《点石斋画报》,其图文并茂的形式,以及它所描绘出的诸多丰富多彩的反映晚清时期国内外市民生活的事例,在今天看来,不仅弥补了文字传播的不足,并为研究晚清的社会史、思想文化史和中西文化交流提供了丰富的史料。     

良友早期画报、画册探究

结合良友的创办和早期发展历程,梳理其除《良友》画报之外出版的其它各类画报、画册,论述它们在选题、内容、装帧、营销等方面的特点,总结它们在为良友赢得不朽声誉并奠定其日后发展基础中的重要作用。