中小学科技素质教育中存在的问题及对策

科技素质教育是技术创新的基础。面对知识经济的挑战，我国的中小学教育模式，已不适应经济变革和社会发展的需要。特别是科技素质教育十分薄弱，具体表现在科技师资水平偏低、教学内容陈旧、教学方法单一、重科学知识传授轻科学能力培养、教育经费短缺等，惟有提高教师的科技素质，改革旧的课程内容、教学方法，改善办学条件，才能提高中小学校学生的科学素质。     

Phonological Awareness Skills in Young Boys with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Substantial research has detailed the reading deficits experienced by children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Although phonological awareness (PA) is vital in reading development, little is known about PA in the DMD population. This pilot study describes the PA abilities of a group of five young children with DMD, comparing the results with those of a group of children with spinal muscular atrophy and with those of a group of typically developing children. The Preschool and Primary Inventory of Phonological Awareness was used to assess the PA skills of the participants. Results indicated that the children with DMD performed significantly poorer than the typically developing group on tests of Syllable Segmentation, Rhyme Awareness, Alliteration Awareness and Phoneme Isolation and significantly poorer than the spinal muscular atrophy group on Rhyme Awareness. The findings of this pilot study indicate that children with DMD may have an increased risk of having PA difficulties, thus requiring early PA training.     

突破传统羁绊 实践变革举措——小学语文教学中“快乐作文”的启示

作文教学一直是困扰语文老师教学的一个难题，如何打破传统的作文教学模式，培养学生的写作兴趣，使学生在积极、热情的情感状态中“快乐作文”，是本文小议的主要问题。     

Noise Levels in Hong Kong Primary Schools: Implications for classroom listening

Many researchers have stressed that the acoustic environment is crucial to the speech perception, academic performance, attention, and participation of students in classrooms. Classrooms in highly urbanised locations are especially vulnerable to noise, a major influence on the acoustic environment. The purpose of this investigation was to determine noise levels in one such urban environment, Hong Kong. The ambient noise level, and its relationship to the speech intensity levels of both teachers and students was surveyed in 47 primary school classrooms. Moreover, the presence of acoustical treatments for noise reduction and the use of classroom amplification systems were documented for each classroom. The survey found that the mean occupied noise level was 60.74 dB (A); the mean unamplified and amplified speech‐to‐noise ratios of teachers were 13.53 dB and 18.45 dB, respectively; while the mean unamplified speech‐to‐noise ratio for students was 4.13 dB. Most of the classrooms exhibited insufficient acoustical treatments to provide significant noise reduction. The listening environment in many Hong Kong primary schools was not favourable for optimal classroom learning. Recommendations for improving the acoustical environment in classrooms in highly urbanised locations such as Hong Kong are discussed.     

教育均衡视域下中小学校长信息素养提升研究——以“三区三州”培训为例

“互联网+教育”是推动教育变革的有效手段之一,通过互联网可促进优质教育资源均衡发展,有利于实现区域基础教育的均衡发展,但这要求中小学校长要具备较高的信息素养和综合应用信息技术进行学校管理的能力。开展相关培训是提升中小学校长信息素养的一种有效方式,基于对“三区三州”中小学校长信息素养的调查分析,通过基于设计的研究活动,开展云南怒江州、四川凉山州中小学校长信息素养提升研究。遵循可适性、设计性、调节性和总结性原则,构建了中小校长信息素养提升模式整体架构,以期为今后的中小学校长信息素养提升培训提供参考,助力区域教育信息化均衡发展。     

中小学教师压力产生的原因探析

通过对新课程条件下中小学教师工作的现状分析和调查，提出了产生中小学教师工作压力的多方面原因，将有利于社会加大关注中小学教师问题的力度，提高中小学教师生活质量，为提高教育质量和民族素质服务。     

In vitro assessment of gastrointestinal viability of two photosynthetic bacteria, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rhodopseudomonas palustris</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rhodobacter sphaeroides</Emphasis>

The objectives of this study were to assess the potential of two photosynthetic bacteria （PSB）, Rhodopseudomonas palustris HZ0301 and Rhodobacter sphaeroides HZ0302, as probiotics in aquaculture. The viability of HZ0301 and HZ0302 in simulated gastric transit conditions （pH 2.0, pH 3.0 and pH 4.0 gastric juices） and in simulated small intestinal transit conditions （pH 8.0, with or without 0.3% bile salts） was tested. The effects of HZ0301 and HZ0302 on the viability and permeability of intestinal epithelial cell in primary culture of tilapias, Oreochrornis nilotica, were also detected. All the treatments were deter- mined with three replicates. The simulated gastric transit tolerance of HZ0301 and HZ0302 strains was pH-dependent and correspondingly showed lower viability at pH 2.0 after 180 min compared with pH 3.0 and pH 4.0. Both HZ0301 and HZ0302 were tolerant to simulated small intestine transit with or without bile salts in our research. Moreover, there was no significant difference （P〉0.05） among three treatments including the control and the groups treated with HZ0301 or HZ0302 both in intestinal epithelial cell viability and membrane permeability, showing no cell damage. In summary, this study demonstrated that HZ0301 and HZ0302 had high capacity of upper gastrointestinal transit tolerance and were relatively safe for intestinal epithelial cells of tilapias.     

摒弃传统 尝试创新——参与式方法在农村小学英语教师培训中的运用

目前,农村小学英语教师培训的形式单一,培训有效性不佳。通过访谈和问卷调查的方式,在分析当前小学英语教师培训现状、成人学习特点的基础上,让培训者运用参与式方法对教师进行培训,提高培训的质量,提升教师的学习热情,加速教师专业发展和改善教师生存状态,并期望能达到推动基础教育发展的目的。     

论人本主义思想对贵州中小学教师师德建设的启示

在对贵州中小学教师师德建设问题上,受马斯洛的需要层次理论的启发,主张应积极为他们改善环境和创造条件,满足其基本的需要,充分发挥教师在师德师风建设中的主体性、能动性,师德建设才会更加健康和谐的发展。具体启示为：创造物质条件,关心、满足教师的基本、合理需要;注重落实国家政策,创造条件,满足安全需要;创造良好的人际关系氛围,满足教师社交的需要;理解、信任教师,听取他们的意见和建议,满足尊重的需要;为教师搭建施展才华的平台,满足其成就感和创造欲。