图式理论及其对高中英语阅读教学的启示

图式和图式理论是近20年来阅读理论研究的热点,运用图式理论指导高中英语阅读教学实践,使学生在阅读理解过程中积极参与思考,掌握阅读技巧,是提高学生阅读理解水平的有效途径。     

The Relationship of Spelling Recognition, RAN, and Phonological Awareness to Reading Skills in Older Poor Readers and Younger Reading-Matched Controls

The role of spelling recognition was examined in word reading skills and reading comprehension for dyslexic and nondyslexic children. Dyslexic and nondyslexic children were matched on their raw word reading proficiency. Relationships between spelling recognition and the following were examined for both groups of children: verbal ability, working memory, phonological measures, rapid naming, word reading, and reading comprehension. Children’s performance in spelling recognition was significantly associated with their skills in word reading and reading comprehension regardless of their reading disability status. Furthermore, spelling recognition contributed significant variance to reading comprehension for both dyslexic and nondyslexic children after the effects of phonological awareness, rapid naming, and word reading proficiency had been accounted for. The results support the role of spelling recognition in reading development for both groups of children and they are discussed using a componential reading fluency framework.     

Letter names, letter sounds and phonological awareness: an examination of kindergarten children across letters and of letters across children

In this study 149 kindergarten children were assessed for knowledge of letter names and letter sounds, phonological awareness, and cognitive abilities. Through this it examined child and letter characteristics influencing the acquisition of alphabetic knowledge in a naturalistic context, the relationship between letter-sound knowledge and letter-name knowledge, and the prediction of Grade 1 phonological awareness and word identification from these variables. Knowledge of letter sounds was better for vowels and for letters with consonant–vowel names than for those with vowel–consonant names or names bearing little relationship to their sounds. However, there were anomalies within each category reflecting characteristics of the individual letters. Structural equation modelling showed that cognitive ability, comprising receptive vocabulary, non-verbal reasoning, rapid automatized naming of colours, and phonological memory significantly contributed to alphabetic knowledge and phonological awareness. In turn, letter-name knowledge but not phonological awareness predicted letter-sound knowledge and subsequent reading skill.This research was supported by a grant from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada to the first author. Thank you is extended to the participating schools and children and to Ian Newby-Clark for his orientation to AMOS. Michelle Bell, Shelly Moretti and Jodi Page have since graduated from the University of Guelph     

未成年人不同阅读介质的眼动行为比较

随着数字化阅读的迅猛增长,传统纸质媒体与数字化媒体已经成为学习者获取学习资源的两种重要介质。电子课本作为数字化阅读与学习范式变革在基础教育领域中应用的产物,其应用效果受到人们的期待。电子课本如何促进学习？它对人的影响与纸质课本有何不同？基于梅耶多媒体学习理论,以电子课本和纸质课本两种阅读介质为例,对未成年人阅读过程中的眼动行为进行比较实验,结果表明：未成年人阅读纸质课本和电子课本的注意力分配有差异;电子课本阅读促进了更积极的交互,其测验成绩显著高于纸质课本,正文的观察时间和注视次数与测验成绩显著相关,但同时也增加了外在认知负荷。因此,设计人员在设计电子课本时应该兼顾学习者注意的广度和深度,实现各种多媒体学习内容的优势互补;家长和教师应该了解数字化阅读特点,适当引导未成年人的电子课本使用。     

如何通过阅读提高高中生的英文写作水平

大量的英文阅读对于提升高中生英语写作水平具有重要的作用。本文分析了英文报刊在提高高中生英文写作水平方面的优势,并且提出了利用英文报刊阅读提升英语写作水平的具体表现。     

Performance in solving arithmetic problems: a comparison of children with different levels of achievement in mathematics and reading

The aim of the present study was to investigate the performance in arithmetic related to achievement levels in reading and mathematics. Basic arithmetical facts and multi‐step calculations were examined. The participants were 941 pupils aged 8 (N = 415), 10 (N = 274) and 13 (N = 252) years. The pupils were divided into four groups by standardized achievement tests. One group showed low achievement in both mathematics and reading (MLRL), a second group showed low achievement in mathematics only (ML‐only), a third group in reading only (RL‐only) and a fourth group showed normal achievement in both mathematics and reading (NA). The ML‐only and the MLRL groups did not differ significantly in basic arithmetical facts at any age level, but both groups performed below the RL‐only and NA groups. The two latter groups also performed similarly at all year levels. In multi‐step calculation all groups differed significantly at the lowest age level, with the NA as the group with the best achievement, followed by RL‐only, ML‐only and the MLRL group. At the two highest age levels the relations between the groups, in multi‐step calculation, were in accordance with the results regarding basic facts. The findings indicate, for both normal and low general mathematical ability, that low achievement in reading to a small extent interferes with the pupils’ development of arithmetic performance     

Humanism and Environmental Education

The author examined the impact of environmental education lessons in a study that compared activities conducted in the schoolyard with traditional classroom activities involving elementary school boys and girls. Participants were 109 4th- and 5th-grade students. Researchers conducted a 2 (group: traditional/treatment) X 2 (gender) multivariate analysis of variance with gain scores for environmental (a) knowledge, (b) attitudes, (c) behaviors, and (d) comfort levels as dependent variables. Boys demonstrated statistically significantly greater gain scores in the outdoor treatment group than in the traditional classroom curriculum for all 4 outcome variables. Boys also scored statistically significantly greater in the treatment group on attitudes and behaviors than did girls in that treatment group. The author discusses the unique learning styles of girls and boys and the findings that indicate the potential for schoolyard lessons to enhance instruction, meeting the needs of boys and girls.     

论王念孙《读书杂志》的“义不相属”

义不相属是王念孙《读书杂志》的训诂、校勘理据,为其首创。义不相属说与今之搭配理论近似。王念孙运用义不相属理论,为古籍疑难字词的训释和校雠做出了突出的贡献,然百密难免一疏,间或有失误。     

场依存性、场独立性与商务英语阅读教学

不同的学习目标、不同的学习任务和不同的学习环境,需要不同的认知风格和学习策略。在商务英语阅读教学中,关注学生的个别差异,利用认知风格中的场独立性和场依存性的理论指导阅读教学有其重要意义。教师的教学应结合学生的认知方式的特点,以培养提高学生的阅读理解能力。教师对学生认知方式的了解和尊重,能使自己的教学特点与学生的需要有机地联系起来,建立良好的师生关系,根据学生的认知特点因材施教,就能取得好的教学效果。     

巴蜀“90后”少年英雄品质的理性思考

"90后"少年以其任性、脆弱、自大、狂傲、叛逆等鲜明的个性形象存在于人们的传统价值评价之中,然而四川地震中巴蜀少年的英雄行为却改变了人们的看法.巴蜀英雄少年的行为和道德品质不是历史的偶然而是有其深厚的历史根源和文化根基.从发挥英雄的长久性价值来说,在学习和宣传巴蜀英雄少年的光辉事迹时要把握好几个现实性的问题.