智力开发的最新研究及发展趋势

近年来 ,智力开发的研究热点围绕以下几个主题 :以加德纳的多重智力理论为基础的研究 ,以斯腾伯格的三元智力理论为基础的研究 ,教育教学中关注的两个基本能力 :问题解决和阅读理解。这些研究报告有三个发展趋势 :把智力看成是部分技能的一个综合体 ,把智力技能的开发定位于某一专门的领域 ,智力开发都集中于认知过程的训练指导 ,尤其关注学生元认知能力的培养。     

论我国反垄断法的规制对象

随着我国加入WTO步伐的加快，制定了一部反垄断法实属当务之急。由于目前对垄断一词没有明确的界定，我国反垄断法应以什么为规制对象是一个值得探讨的问题。本从对经济学意义的垄断与法学意义上的垄断比较分析入手，在考察世界几个主要国家反垄断法的规制对象的基础上，阐述了我国反垄断法所应规制的对象。以对我国反垄断立法有所裨益。     

Self-teaching in normal and disabled readers

This study set out to investigate the self-teaching of good and poor readers in pointed Hebrew – a highly regular orthography. Four groups of children (three groups in Grades 4 to 6, and one group in Grade 2) were included in this study; poor readers with large discrepancies between IQ and reading (dyslexics), IQ-nondiscrepant poor readers (non-dyslexic or garden-variety poor readers), chronological-age matched normal readers, and a group of younger normal readers matched to the older garden-variety group on both reading and mental age. It was hypothesized that primary deficits in phonological recoding (decoding) would impair the identification of novel target words (fictitious names of fruits/towns/stars/coins, etc.) appearing in text, which, in turn, would lead to deficient orthographic memory for target spellings. Alternative predictions were derived with regard to the degree of orthographic deficiency. According to the compensatory processing hypothesis, orthographic learning was expected to be relatively less impaired among disabled readers compared to normal readers. The alternative dissociation hypothesis, on the other hand, predicts that disabled readers orthographic learning would be significantly more impaired than that of normal readers. Neither hypothesis was supported. Impaired orthographic learning, commensurate with levels of target decoding success, was evident in the post-test spelling and orthographic choices of both groups of poor readers. Indeed, a close link was observed between levels of target word decoding and the acquisition of orthographic information among all three older groups of children. No qualitative differences between dyslexics and garden-variety poor readers emerged in patterns of self-teaching. While the data from the three older groups supported a model of developmental delay rather than deviance, findings from the younger reading-age/mental-age controls revealed startling qualitative divergence in orthographic learning. No statistically reliable evidence was obtained for orthographic learning in these younger beginning readers who displayed an essentially surface pattern of non-lexical reading. A hybrid orthographic sensitivity hypothesis was proposed to account for these data, according to which an initially surface-style of word reading engendered by a highly regular orthography gives way to a highly specialized print-specific (orthographic) processing advantage that develops in the course of the second school year as an outgrowth of a critical volume of print experience.     

Character and word reading in Chinese: Why and how they should be considered uniquely vis-à-vis literacy development

Two correlational studies from the same data set demonstrated the distinctiveness of character and word reading for Chinese reading development among 337 Hong Kong Chinese children in grades 1–3. Study 1 examined the cognitive-linguistic correlates of single-character reading and two-character word reading. Rapid automatized naming, morphological awareness and visual-orthographic skill independently explained variance in both character and word reading beyond age, grade, nonverbal IQ and vocabulary knowledge. Importantly, rapid automatized naming and morphological awareness additionally explained variance in word reading even after statistically controlling for character reading; there were no such unique correlates for character reading beyond word reading. Study 2 investigated the roles of character and word reading in reading comprehension. Both were individually significantly associated with reading comprehension even when a multifaceted measure of language comprehension was statistically controlled. Moreover, character reading and language comprehension significantly explained variance in reading comprehension through word reading; word reading and language comprehension uniquely contributed to reading comprehension in the model. Results suggest that character and word reading likely reflect slightly different processes in Chinese literacy: Theoretically, these results underscore the importance of models of reading that integrate unique features of Chinese. Practically, these results suggest that character and word reading may depend on different cognitive-linguistic processes which can be cultivated when teaching them, separately or together.     

小学语文阅读教学有效性策略解析

在教育工作中让学生掌握一定的学习技巧并能收获良好的学习效果,既是教育者的工作目的,也是教育工作的价值体现。在小学语文教育中,教师应了解在小学语文阅读中存在的教学问题,并与学生、家长和其他教育工作者进行交流,找出问题出现的原因,进一步提出针对性的有效策略并应用在语文阅读教学过程中,使学生全程参与并获得更多的语文阅读知识。     

高中英语阅读与写作教学的有机融合探究

一直以来,高中英语阅读与写作教学都是教师关注的重点话题。对此,本文将从高中英语读写结合的角度探究有效的教学方法,以提高高中学生的学习效率,在英语阅读和写作学习中做到游刃有余。     

基于叙事文本特质构建阅读教学基模——以《一枚金币》为例

叙事类文本在小学语文教材中占比很重,掌握叙事类作品的阅读密码,就能快速提高阅读此类文本的能力。破解叙事类文本的阅读奥秘,关键在于筛选学生易于理解的该类文本的特质作为突破口,选用适切的阅读策略,构建对接阅读能力层级的阅读基本模式,以程序性和策略性知识为支架,以一篇带动一类文本的阅读教与学,从而快速发展学生的阅读技能。     

通过群文阅读激发小学生的课外阅读兴趣

在相关教育工作者的深入研究下,群文阅读成为各年龄段开展阅读教学的新型模式之一,相比传统模式下的阅读教学,群文阅读具有很多突出优势.因此,本文从当前小学阅读教学的发展现状及群文阅读的优势出发,具体探究了通过群文阅读激发学生课外阅读兴趣的实践途径,希望能对新时期学生的阅读能力培养产生积极作用。     

幼儿教育中幼儿阅读能力的培养

在幼儿教育中培养幼儿的阅读能力是遵循幼儿自身发展的需要,也是社会发展的需要。社会的发展需要高素质的人才,人才的培养首先要从幼儿的阅读能力下手,让幼儿形成良好的阅读习惯,为将来更好地学习科学文化知识奠定基础。幼儿由于年龄小,各种知识学习刚刚起步,因而在培养幼儿阅读能力前,首先要帮助他们树立良好的自信心。其次,在日常生活中要坚持引导幼儿阅读,让他们养成良好的阅读习惯。只要这样坚持,就一定能够取得预想的效果。     

Making “secondary intervention” work in a three-tier responsiveness-to-intervention model: findings from the first-grade longitudinal reading study of the National Research Center on Learning Disabilities

Responsiveness-to-intervention (RTI) is a method for both preventing and helping to identify learning disabilities. An important feature is its multi-tier structure: primary intervention (tier 1) refers to classroom instruction; secondary intervention (tier 2) usually involves more intensive pullout, small-group instruction; and tertiary intervention (tier 3) typically denotes most intensive special education. Despite RTI’s popularity and promise, there are many questions about how to implement it effectively and efficiently. So, in 2001, the Office of Special Education Programs in the U.S. Department of Education funded the National Research Center on Learning Disabilities to conduct two large-scale, field-based, longitudinal, and experimental RTI studies. Both studies, one in reading and one in math, were conducted at first grade, with annual follow up for 3 years in the reading study and 2 years in the math study. This article summarizes findings from the reading study, which was designed to answer three basic questions about RTI’s pivotal secondary intervention: Who should participate in it? What instruction should be conducted to decrease the prevalence of reading disabilities? How should responsiveness and non-responsiveness be defined?