积极幻觉与当代积极心理学

积极幻觉是积极心理学的重要组成部分,是个体在生活中或在面临威胁性情景、压力性事件时所做出的一种对自我、现实生活和未来的消极方面的认知过滤。它主要包括自我概念的理想化、夸大对可控性的感知和不现实的乐观三种表现形式。问卷法是目前研究积极幻觉的主要方法。积极幻觉对人类和个体有着重要意义,主要涉及选择性注意、良性遗忘、容忍能力不足和消极自我图式等认知加工过程。相关研究主要集中在生理与心理健康、恋爱关系、学业成绩以及跨文化领域。未来的研究方向是丰富积极幻觉的负性研究,拓展积极认知的研究领域,开发本土化的测量工具等。     

心理反抗与肉身逃亡——朱湘留美肄业归国的心理原因探析

朱湘是中国现代文学史上留学生中的异类,他没有取得学位便提前回国,以往的学者对此的研究多停留于外在事实层面,而忽略了诗人心理世界的独特性。从朱湘的应激心理、孤独心理和性爱心理三个方面入手分析诗人留学期间的心理状态,以探求其肄业归国的内在动因。     

电影——大学生心灵的滋养剂

自从电影诞生后,世界改变了许多。百余年以来,这门综合性最强的影像艺术,备受人们的欢迎,自然也深受大学生的喜爱。有不少电影属于心灵电影,其内容离不开对心理世界的探索,这些电影丰富多彩的内容蕴含了太多的心理学奥秘。看电影能拓展视野,更能得到心灵的洗礼,得到激励。用美的艺术疗救心灵的种种困惑,更是一种全新的心理治疗方式。     

团体心理辅导在专业调剂生学习动机干预中的作用

目的探讨团体心理辅导对专业调剂生学习动机的干预效果。方法设置实验组、对照组大一专业调剂生各25名,对实验组进行8次为期8周的团体心理辅导,干预前后分别评估各组专业调剂生学习动机的2个维度。结果接受团体辅导后,实验组在后测中学习动机两个维度的分数显著高于前测,对照组在学习动机前后测的分数上没有显著差异。实验组、对照组后测分数上存在显著差异。结论团体心理辅导能有效提高专业调剂生的学习动机。     

从品德心理探究大学生品德培养的有效途径

认识和掌握学生道德品质形成与发展的规律具有重要的意义。本文从理论与实践相结合的角度,探究品德的心理实质、品德形成的心理过程,以寻求品德教育培养的有效途径和方法。     

说“给力”

流行语"给力"在网络、杂志和报刊中有很高的使用频率。"给力"有动词和形容词两种词性,其意义是"有帮助"、"有作用"、"酷"、"够劲"、"大力支持"等,特定人群的语言使用心理、价值观念和文化心态及媒介的推动促使它广泛流传。     

Longitudinal predictors of reading comprehension in French at first grade: Unpacking the oral comprehension component of the simple view

According to the simple view of reading (SVR), reading comprehension relies on “decoding” (pseudoword, word reading) and “oral comprehension” skills. Testing 556 French pupils, we aimed at unpacking these two components and tracking their longitudinal development in first grade. We have found that: (1) lower level language skills (vocabulary, syntax) and discourse skills (oral text comprehension) emerged as two dimensions of “oral comprehension”; (2) lower level language skills longitudinally predicted reading comprehension outcomes, above code-related skills; (3) decoding precursors (letter knowledge, naming speed and phonemic awareness) predicted reading comprehension directly, and indirectly, through decoding skills (pseudoword, word reading, text reading fluency); (4) Oral comprehension skills did not favour the development of decoding. Our results support the independency of the SVR components. However, we suggest that a more fine-grained conceptualisation of oral comprehension skills would help to better understand the individual and pedagogical factors influencing the early development of reading comprehension.     

积极心理学理论下心理健康课堂的定位与特质

就心理健康教育而言,方法和途径尽管多种多样,但心理健康教育的主渠道始终是课堂教学。根据积极心理学理论,建构致力于培养学生积极人格的心理健康课堂,是开展积极心理健康教育的重中之重。积极心理学理论下的心理健康课堂需定位于学生积极品质的开发与培养,具备追求积极的课堂价值取向,活动导向的课堂教学思维,直通生活的课堂教学内容,正向多元的课堂反馈机制的课堂特质。     

写作的心理治疗与辅导:功能、原理及其应用

写作具有宣泄、抚慰、重构认知功能,从而在心理治疗中发挥着独特的作用。写作治疗的基本原理包括:降低压力经验的通达性,减少闯入记忆;形成叙事连贯,达到因果认识与领悟;对事件整合和重构,建构另种生活故事;把问题外化。写作治疗与辅导中的治疗性写作主要包括了日记、信件、自传和主题写作等类型。     

What it means to be “one of us”: Discourses of national identity in the United States

In recent years, the transnational movement of people has resulted in increasing tension and debates about national identity. The present research utilized a discourse analytic approach to examine accounts of national identity in the U.S. among native-born U.S. residents, Mexicans living in Mexico, and Mexicans living in the U.S. Our analysis focused on two sets of diverging accounts of national identity. A first set involved participants' explanations of national identity as natural/essential, “felt”, or conditional, which served to either constrain how “American” immigrants could be or allowed for a more inclusive definition of national identity. A second set of accounts involved participants theorizing the national polity as a multicultural or monocultural space which functioned to construct national boundaries as permeable or reinforced (White) American dominance. These patterns of talk emerged across all interviews, although U.S. participants attended to more flexible and dilemmatic (e.g. inclusionary and exclusionary) accounts of national identity. We discuss the implications for the complexity of national identity.