Social Conventions and Human Tragedy-On Richard Jefferies’s The Acorn Gatherer

The Acorn Gatherer by Richard Jefferies is an allegorical tragedy, in which a nameless boy, born out of wedlock, is viewed as a sort of icon of sin, and is ultimately driven to death by the rigid and u...     

多媒体教学设计原则在数字化学习中的实践

梅耶的多媒体学习研究是由基本假设、学习科学、教学科学和应用领域构成的严谨科学体系,是一门扎根于理论的循证科学,其最终落脚点在于指导教学实践,促进和优化教学。数字化学习是多媒体学习科学研究重要的实验场和应用领域,梅耶及其同事紧紧抓住数字化学习的内涵,提出了基于信息获取的接受学习、基于反应强化的训练学习和基于知识建构的引导发现学习三种层次递进的学习方式。在这三种数字化学习的实践中,多媒体原则、一致性原则、接近原则、人性化原则、分段原则和前训原则具有普遍适用性。而辅助性示例原则和训练原则则非常适用于以程序性知识为焦点的训练型数字化学习。在以问题解决为焦点的引导发现型学习中,游戏与仿真型学习和网络在线协作学习最能体现问题解决的本质。     

传统期待视野中的非传统叙事——解读埃·阿·罗宾逊的《理查德·科瑞》

从接受美学视域探讨《理查德·科瑞》一诗审美效果的生成机制。首先勾勒了诗篇运用音律、措辞以及意象建构出的传统期待视野,紧接着考察这一传统期待视野中暗含的非传统叙事构件,传统期待视野与非传统叙事构件的碰撞造就了该诗不朽的艺术生命。     

论舒斯特曼身体美学的特征

舒斯特曼身体美学的提出,既为当下美学研究开辟了一条新路径,也是对当代学术界身体研究热潮的一种回应。其不仅改变了传统哲学中身体的地位,将身体与心灵统一,而且还勇于打破学科界限,将身体置于全部人类学科广阔视野来重新认识,从而将身体作为审美经验核心,通过对身体经验的塑造和改善来达到生命的完满。舒斯特曼的身体美学暗示了身体自身的整体性存在,更阐明了身体与人、与环境、与社会、与宇宙的整体性存在。     

探析《黑孩子》中的三维事实

理查德·赖特是20世纪美国最有影响力的作家之一,是美国非裔文学发展史上的里程碑式人物。其被誉为20世纪版奴隶叙述文体的自传作品《黑孩子》自1945年出版伊始,就登上最畅销书榜的头名,并获得评论界的如潮好评。在这部经典之作中,赖特用蘸满血泪悲愤的笔触,通过我与自我,我与他人及我与时代三维事实的交融书写,再现南方种族主义猖獗之下黑人群体穷困和窒息的非人生存境遇,严正控诉种族隔离制度对黑人生命和灵魂的践踏,鞭笞白人优越至上信条的罪恶,并映现黑人群体对充满尊严和人性的自由平等世界的希冀和追寻。     

卫礼贤与青岛礼贤书院

卫礼贤是20世纪欧洲最著名的汉学家,1899年来到刚刚成为德国租借地的中国青岛,自取中国名卫礼贤。卫礼贤在中国生活了25年,在青岛度过他旅华生活的重要时期。他创办了青岛礼贤书院,成为清末民初胶州湾地区新式学堂的样板。卫礼贤积极研习传播中国文化,为中德文化交流作出了重要贡献。     

李提摩太与山西大学堂

李提摩太是来华长达45年之久的英国传教士,由于他早年在山西赈灾中与山西官民结下较深的感情,因此,在20世纪初,乘来晋处理教案之机创办了山西大学堂,并按英国的教育模式去建设和管理西学专斋,使之成为近代中国最早的三所大学之一,为山西高等教育乃至全国高等教育的发展做出了贡献。     

Speech as process: Effects of experimental design

The traditional design for the study of language variables is a controlled message design in which one kernel message is manipulated to produce message variations that represent the language variable contrasts. Thus message content is the same across treatment conditions and hence crossed with the treatment factors. Jackson and Jacobs (1983) criticized this design on three grounds. They argued that messages should be natural rather than contrived, that messages should be nested within treatment conditions rather than crossed with treatment factors, and that each study should use as many messages as possible. Their paper has been used by reviewers as the basis for rejecting studies done using the traditional design. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the arguments presented in Jackson and Jacobs (1983) as well as subsequent papers by Jackson (1984) and Jackson and Jacobs (1987). The arguments are shown to contain both methodological and substantive errors. When the arguments are corrected, it is shown that nested designs and multiple messages should be used only when absolutely necessary. It is the traditional controlled message, crossed design and not the naturalistic message, nested design which is robust; robust against not only incidental but fundamental confounding, robust against message by treatment by message interactions, and relatively robust against Type II error. Taken together with meta‐analysis, the traditional single message, crossed design can detect and identify message by treatment interactions. On the other hand, the multiple message design makes it impossible to identify such interactions.