Initial Validity and Reliability of the Portuguese Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion 6-20 Scale

ABSTRACT

The aims of this study were to perform the cross-cultural adaptation of the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) 6–20 Scale to Brazilian Portuguese language and to start testing its validity and reliability. After performing the cross-cultural adaptation of the Scale, concurrent and discriminative validity, and reliability were determined on a treadmill in young (18–30 years) and older adult women (60–75 years). Considering young and older adult women, RPE presented high and moderate positive correlation with heart rate and high and low positive correlation with oxygen consumption, respectively. Older adult women presented RPE (11 ± 2) significantly higher than young ones (8 ± 1) exercising at the same absolute intensity. Intraclass coefficient correlation was excellent for RPE to young and older adult women. The Scale presented concurrent validity only to young adult women, whereas it presented discriminative validity between such groups of women. Moreover, the scale is reliable to young and older adult women.     

Trade-Offs, Biases, and Uncertainty in Project Planning and Execution: A Problem-Based Simulation Exercise

The ability to plan and execute projects is a fundamental skill required among managers and business school graduates. In the opening phase of a project, the project team makes decisions about the relative priority of project time, cost, and performance objectives, oftentimes without complete information about customer and stakeholder requirements. Existing project management curriculum assists in developing skills to decide among these priorities in the abstract through paradigms such as the time–cost–performance triangle, with limited attention to the improvement of skills required to develop solutions to these trade-offs, particularly in uncertain and ambiguous project environments. Further, there is often an underlying bias in project teams toward consideration of the project task and project deliverables and reduced attention to time and cost objectives. This study demonstrates the benefits of a balanced approach to setting project time, cost, and performance objectives using a goal-based simulation exercise entitled "The Bridge to Project Leadership." Results for 124 project teams illustrate the tendency to ignore this balanced approach, resulting in reduced project performance, even among experienced project managers.     

“城中村”的困惑：向下的青春——广西南宁市A村校外青少年高危行为的社会学调查

通过对广西南宁市一个“城中村”社区校外青少年的生存状态与高危行为的社会学调查,对其行为表现、特点和成因进行了分析,并对“城中村”的青少年工作和社区文化建设提出了建议。     

高校风险评估管理体系研究

随着时代发展和竞争的加剧,高校面临前所未有的风险。因此有必要对高校面临的风险因素及应对策略进行评估分析,为高校进行风险管理提供理论依据和实践基础。运用风险管理、内部控制的原理和方法,探索、研究和构建高校风险评估的基本理论、模式和框架,建立一套符合现代高校特点的风险评估管理体系,对高校面临的风险及应对策略进行分析评估,可以为高校进行风险管理,规避风险提供理论依据和实践基础,是高校改革的深化与管理现代化的新方向。     

外汇注资:化解高校扩张财政风险的新思路

高校是我国公益性的投资部门,但存在一定的发展边界,盲目扩张会产生边界风险。目前,由于我国对高校实行廉价的制度供给,在银行信用的推动下,高校存在边界风险,并将引发财政风险。解决的新路径是利用外汇储备给高校注资,实现外汇储备向能力储备转化。     

明代言官的职业风险及保障机制

明代言官以言为职,在履职时面临着双重风险：一是皇帝的威胁和摧抑,二是周边各种势力的打击报复。为保证言官尽职,明代确立了一些激励和保障机制,包括鼓励直言、慎选言官、畀以重权、给予重赏、严加考察以及相应的人身保护等。这些保障机制在一定程度上激励了言官不畏风险,恪尽职守,在明中期以前发挥了较好的作用。但由于专制体制下皇权决定一切,而明代皇帝素质又普遍低下,言官保障机制不断被破坏,言官的职业风险更为突出,致使言官群体在晚明时期不断分化蜕变,从一个侧面揭示了明代士大夫的悲剧命运。     

Better safe than sorry? Risk and educational research

This paper presents the argument that education and the teaching profession have been saturated by a new form of risk consciousness and risk consideration. The aim is to shed light on this issue and present a number of empirical examples and questions of interest in educational research. Furthermore, the paper presents some of the central theories regarding risk and an attempt is made to relate these theories to an epistemological framework. The article also emphasizes the problems and issues that arise from the way teachers think, experience and manage risk in their daily work, and examines how this affects their didactic intentions and, in the long run, also the pupils’ learning potential. It is the intention of the authors, in the scientific as well as in the professional discussion, to reintroduce the positive connections between teaching and risk zones, as well as between professional development and risk taking.     

Contextual effects on predicting risk for reading difficulties in first and second grade

This study utilized early reading assessment data from a randomized trial of 210 urban and rural schools in Texas to examine contextual effects on risk prediction in first and second grade. The primary objective was to examine the roles of (a) individual differences, (b) the grade 1 classroom, and (c) the pairing of first and second grade teachers in determining grade 2 outcomes in word reading and fluency. A second objective was to investigate whether the administration format of the assessment (paper, paper plus desktop, handheld plus desktop) or the level of teacher support (web mentoring, no mentoring) moderated the prediction. These moderator variables proved not to be significant. Subsequent analyses found that a combination of student pretest and mean of pretest classroom was a better predictor than student pretest alone. Additionally, the effect of student scores varied by teacher-pair. On average, intraclass correlations (ICCs) ranged from 6% to 17%. Differences in ICCs at the classroom level were much greater than at the school level, and differences in urban schools were twice that of rural schools.     

浅析一种新的国际工程指标报价策略：—机会风险评估

传统的投标报价策略主要是在了解并分析竞争对手以往的投标报价利润率和中标概率基础上调整已方的报价,以求中标。但如果无法获得竞争对手刻意保密的商业秘密,上述策略也就没有任何实用意义了,机会与风险评估策略则是在研究工程现场和标书的基础上,寻找和分析某些工程可能有利或不利的因素,并对这些因素作量化分析,折算成标价,以对正常标价进行调整,从而使报价更科学,也更具竞争性。这种报价策略目前在国际大跨跨国公司工程公司中的应用日益普及。因此,将其介绍到国内来,毫无疑问将是非常有益的。     

从制造到创造的跨越——我国制造业自主技术创新的价值链分析

基于自主技术创新价值链分析框架,结合国务院发展研究中心和国家统计局2006年对我国六大产业中的2130家大中型企业进行的技术创新调查数据,实证研究发现,我国企业自主创新持续开展存在经济因素、知识因素、市场体制机制、社会环境等四方面因素的阻碍;而且各阻碍因素的实际影响程度与人们对此重视程度的主观评价之间存在差距。要消除创新障碍因素,关键需要制度创新,在创新价值链的各个环节上深入推进市场化;强化技术创新价值链的社会支持网络;建立健全创新风险的分散机制;整合创新要素部门的合作和竞争,推动自主技术创新的可持续性。