发达国家乡村文化治理模式分析及对我国的启示

文化振兴是乡村振兴战略的重要内容,文化治理是推动乡村文化可持续发展的内生动力及路径。发达国家乡村文化治理起始时间早,治理模式较为完善,与其相比,我国乡村文化治理模式还不成熟。文章通过分析美国、英国、法国、日本和韩国等典型发达国家的乡村文化治理模式,力图汲取其优秀经验并进行本土化实践:以法律为支撑,坚持系统发展观念以促进城乡双向流动;合理开发乡村文化,发挥乡村文化治理村民的主体地位;运用科技手段实现乡村文化治理模式现代化,进而推动乡村建设现代化。     

乡村振兴背景下农家书屋助力乡村文化发展研究

本文阐述了农家书屋与乡村文化发展之间的内在关联性、发展状况以及对乡村文化发展的作用,深入分析了农家书屋在振兴乡村文化过程中存在的数字化水平与覆盖率不高、缺乏人才、图书资源更新未能对接农民用户文化需求等问题,并提出加强人才队伍建设、打造"农家书屋+"的多元服务模式、提高农家书屋数字化建设水平等助力乡村文化发展的实施路径。     

如何实现农村剩余劳动力合理转移

“三农”问题是我国当前面临的重要经济和社会问题。由于它的核心是农民如何增加收入的问提,所以实现农村剩余劳动力向非农产业合理转移是解决这一问题的关键。     

图书馆学理论视野中的图书馆事业

在新中国图书馆事业60多年的发展历程中,《中国图书馆学报》作为一个理论平台,给予人们一个打量与论说图书馆事业的历史、现状与未来的阵地。本文选择几个特殊的时间节点,对新中国图书馆事业发展历程中几个有重大影响的事件与变革进行了回顾与分析。它们分别是:1957年一种评述图书馆事业的话语方式的确立、始于1959年的乡村图书馆建设、始于1975年的乡镇图书馆“以文养文”、始于1982年的图书馆立法研究、始于2006年的公共图书馆服务体系探索。通过上述回望,我们能观察到图书馆学理论与实践在相互依存中的共同发展。参考文献37。     

School Closure: What are the consequences for the local society?

School closures have been common in rural areas since the middle of the last century, when new and modern schools replaced small old‐fashioned schools with only one or two classrooms. Due mainly to the industrialisation of farming and hastened by the merging and globalisation of industry, the last 50 years have seen a migration of people from rural areas to large towns. This has caused closures of schools built in the 1950s and 1960s, which had been the pride of and a sign of development in local societies. These closures most often give rise to heated debate, the main cry of protest being that the closure of the school is a death‐blow to the local society. The present study is based on a qualitative analysis performed in 2003 of 30 Danish school closures in the period 1990–1999. The results show that school closure in itself does not have the devastating effects mentioned in the debate. The main problem for local societies is a lack of people and thus lack of human capital, and in remote areas and on small islands school closure is a sign of a community in the final phase of the death process, not a cause.     

Caregiver–child verbal interactions in child care: A buffer against poor language outcomes when maternal language input is less

Recent research has suggested that high quality child care can buffer young children against poorer cognitive and language outcomes when they are at risk for poorer language and readiness skills. Most of this research measured the quality of parenting and the quality of the child care with global observational measures or rating scales that did not specify the exact maternal or caregiver behaviors that might be causally implicated in the buffering of these children from poor outcomes. The current study examined the actual language by the mother to her child in the home and the verbal interactions between the caregiver and child in the child care setting that might be implicated in the buffering effect of high quality childcare. The sample included 433 rural children from the Family Life Project who were in child care at 36 months of age. Even after controlling for a variety of covariates, including maternal education, income, race, child previous skill, child care type, the overall quality of the home and quality of the child care environment; observed positive caregiver–child verbal interactions in the child care setting interacted with the maternal language complexity and diversity in predicting children's language development. Caregiver–child positive verbal interactions appeared to buffer children from poor language outcomes concurrently and two years later if children came from homes where observed maternal language complexity and diversity during a picture book task was less.     

Using VCDs to promote rural educational development in China: a case study in the Tianshui hilly areas of Gansu

This case study is set in a remote rural area of China—the Tianshui area of Gansu Province. It examines a strategy involving the use of Video Compact Discs (VCDs) to enhance primary education in these areas. Firstly, the challenging context of Tianshui area is described. Secondly, strategies for promoting rural education using VCDs and the initial successful experiences of the project are discussed. Finally, the challenges and issues of concerns are highlighted.     

Living in the Buckle: Promoting LGBT Outreach Services in Conservative Urban/Rural Centers

LGBT Outreach Center (LOC) faces the difficult task of marketing outreach services to lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals in a conservative rural/urban center. Creating internal messages that support the LGBT identity is critical to organizational member support. However, presenting external messages to a community-at-large that tends to be unsupportive of LGBT individuals is daunting. Focus groups identified obstacles to outreach and fundraising. Recommendations are provided for LGBT outreach centers in conservative areas.     

Measurement of Attitudes of Rural Women Towards Self-Help Groups

Abstract

Self-help groups (SHGs) have emerged as an effective mechanism of empowerment and development of women as well as being on efficient mode of promoting group action and technology dissemination. Initiatives were undertaken at the Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology (CIPHET), Ludhiana to facilitate the formation of women's SHGs and to develop their capabilities through training programmes for harnessing the benefits of value addition and processing technologies for employment and income generation. The study attempts to assess the attitude changes in women about SHGs as a result of training. The evaluation of SHGs was conducted at attitude construct. A Likert Likert, R. 1932. A Technique for the Measurement of Attitudes. Archives of Psychology, 140: 44–53.  [Google Scholar]-type scale consisting of 26 items was developed, for which Cronbach's alpha coefficient of reliability was observed as 0.85. The survey instrument contained five sections; namely, socio-economic upliftment; education and training; marketing and entrepreneurship qualities; technology adoption and participatory research; and banking/credit aspects. The training group consisting of 30 participants of SHGs responded to five-section survey instrument. Significant t-test results for mean values of attitude of women before and after the training showed a significant change in attitude of women in all the five areas as a result of training. Positive orientation towards a task paves the way for success. The study exemplifies the impact of training in instilling positive orientation. For addressing the issues of rural poverty, enrichment of the system with social capital through empowerment and formation of women SHGs; provision of financial and credit support; creation of market-driven and decentralized extension system; use of media-mix for technology transfer and informal education at rural level; conduction of need-based training and strong political will need to be emphasized.     

The contribution of outdoor recreation and outdoor education to the economy of Scotland: Case studies and preliminary findings

Abstract

From a tourism perspective Scotland's greatest natural resource is it's scenery. Recent studies have indicated that the contribution of outdoor recreation (which depend on this asset) to the Scottish economy have traditionally been underestimated. Published work from a range of sources are reviewed together with case studies of the additional contribution of Outdoor Education Centres, and other forms of provision. The main findings are as follows:

Outdoor recreation generates perhaps at least £600 – £800m of Scotland's tourist income, much of which is in rural areas and also extends the traditional tourist season; Outdoor Education Centres are significant employers in certain rural areas; Evidence from one area of Scotland (Lothian Region) suggests that the pattern of outdoor education provision has changed significantly in recent years; ‘Therapeutic’ outdoor activity programmes seem effective in reducing youth crime and the cost-saving to the tax-payer is substantial.