基矛科研绩效框架（REF）的三种文献计量模式

科研绩效框架（REF）是英国政府提出的一种评估科研的全新理念。论文概述REF评价的主客体,并从精确性、成本效益、行为动机三方面对三种文献计量模式进行比较分析,然后论述其对未来评估体系的影响,认为REF中的引文分析不仅给年轻科研人员带来不公平的影响,而且不适用于所有学科,对不同学科的评价也有局限性。     

数字图书馆可持续发展中的信息资源建设探索-以宁波数字图书馆为例

结合宁波市数字图书馆项目,探寻城市数字图书馆可持续发展中的信息资源建设。城市数字图书馆的可持续发展首先意味着信息资源的建设是可持续的,其关键是要有一个灵活高效的管理机制作为前提。在此前提下,提出信息资源的可持续建设应从有效整合全市图书馆现有文献信息资源、建设本地特色文献信息数据库和有效解决信息资源版权问题这三个方面入手。     

数据监护:美国高校图书馆的新探索

近年来美国高校图书馆在国家机构支持下开始了数据监护的研究和实践,该文辨析数据监护的概念,阐述其对支持高校科学研究的重要作用,并介绍了数据监护在美国的最新进展,提出国内图书馆应当及时开展相关实践。     

数字环境下文献分类法的检索应用及其发展

在数字环境下,文献分类检索应以等级浏览形式为主,重视易用性、灵活性,同时进行必要的多维化改造、完善相关关系揭示等。数字化环境下的应用必然给类表带来结构上的变化,需要进行相应技术探索,并应根据其在检索体系中的定位,研讨应用规律。另外,表达了对检索软件编制的一些看法。     

Biochemistry of Nitric Oxide

Nitric oxide (NO) a free radical having both cytoprotective as well as tumor promoting agent is formed from l-arginine by converting it to l-citrulline via nitric oxide synthase enzymes. The reaction product of nitric oxide with superoxide generates potent oxidizing agent, peroxynitrite which is the main mediator of tissue and cellular injury. Peroxynitrite is reactive towards many biomolecules which includes amino acids, nucleic acid bases; metal containing compounds, etc. NO metabolites may play a key role in mediating many of the genotoxic/carcinogenic effects as DNA damage, protein or lipid modification, etc. The basic reactions of nitric oxide can be divided as direct effect of the radical where it alone plays a role in either damaging or protecting the cell milieu and an indirect effect in which the byproducts of nitric oxide formed by convergence of two independent radical generating pathways play the role in biological reactions which mainly involve oxidative and nitrosative stress. Nitric oxide is also capable of directly interacting with mitochondria through inhibition of respiration or by permeability transition. Reaction of nitric oxide with metal ions include its direct interaction with the metals or with oxo complexes thereby reducing them to lower valent state. Excessive production of nitric oxide can be studied by inhibiting the synthetic pathway of nitric oxide using both selective or specific nitric oxide synthase inhibitor or non-selective nitric oxide synthase inhibitor with respect to isoforms of nitric oxide.     

双归属维度的顾客信任与顾客价值的关系研究

客户价值管理是企业管理的核心,客户价值的提升取决于客户信任的水平。现有文献表明客户信任有两个归属维度,即员工信任和企业信任。其中员工信任在服务企业中占据有十分重要的地位。本文从客户价值与客户信任间关系入手,以客户信任的双归属维度为研究视角,运用结构方程模型证明了不同服务情境下两种归属维度的客户信任对客户价值的影响,并就服务企业如何充分利用不同归属维度的客户信任来实现客户价值的最大化提出了政策性建议。     

高校人文社科学术评价的制度缺陷及复归路径探寻

学术评价是否公正合理,不仅关系到高校教师科研积极性的发挥程度和切身利益能否实现,还关系到高校使命的完成程度和学术活动能否健康发展。分析当前学术评价中存在的评价标准单一、评价机制错位等制度缺陷基础上,探寻了复归学术本质的路径,包括构建具有公信力的学术评价机构、创新学术评价理念与促进学术单位体向学术共同体转变、建立评议人信誉评价制度、建立代表性学术论著制度以及构建高校学术管理的合理模式等,从而促进学术评价公平公正。     

数字城管科学发展的维度设计及理想建构——以杭州为例

2006年3月28日杭州市数字城管的上线运行,翻开了杭州市城市管理的新篇章.四年来,杭州市数字城管以“实际、实用、实效”为发展维度,以“人”为核心要素,走出了一条符合杭州实际、独具杭州特色的数字城管运行之路.     

Professional networks, scientific collaboration, and publication productivity in resource-constrained research institutions in a developing country

We test the hypothesis that scientific collaboration is associated with increased publication productivity. We differentiate our approach from other studies by (a) incorporating professional networks in the productivity model, (b) casting productivity and collaboration as distinct phenomena, and (c) examining these phenomena in the context of resource-constrained research institutions in a developing country. We use survey data and employ negative binomial regression models. Results indicate that publication productivity is significantly linked to professional network factors, but there is no evidence of any association with scientific collaboration. We observe that most scientists collaborate in research projects despite coordination difficulties, and without any measurable impact on their productivity. Our interviews reveal that a possible answer to this puzzle appears to be rooted in a practice that views collaborative research projects not mainly as a means to producing knowledge and gaining recognition, but for acquiring professional opportunities and extrinsic rewards. Our findings suggest a new way of modeling publication productivity, with implications for science and innovation policy in both the developed and the developing world.     

When ‘national innovation system’ meet ‘varieties of capitalism’ arguments on labour qualifications: On the skill types and scientific knowledge needed for radical and incremental product innovations

The literatures on ‘varieties of capitalism’ (VoC) and ‘national innovation systems’ (NIS) propose very similar arguments about how firms require different types of labour qualifications to pursue strategies of radical product innovation (RPI), incremental product innovation (IPI), and product imitation (PI) respectively. Despite their similar lines of reasoning, however, the VoC scholars are concerned with the skill profiles of a firm's entire workforce, whereas the NIS proponents focus on the knowledge base of scientists. Given that both literatures have developed without explicitly taking the arguments of the neighbouring discipline into account, it is thus unclear whether they explain the same, or different, phenomena. Furthermore, both literatures propose firm level arguments but test them on the basis of macro- rather than micro-level indicators. This paper therefore asks: first, does micro-level evidence support the VoC and NIS arguments that particular types of employee skills and knowledge backgrounds of scientists are needed for different competitive strategies? And, if so, do RPI, IPI, and PI firms need to employ scientists in combination with a workforce having the respective qualifications, or is it sufficient if scientists or employees alone are adequately qualified. Quantitative analyses indicate that a particular mix of scientific knowledge combined with employee skills facilitate RPI, IPI, and PI strategies. The article thus concludes that - despite their similar reasoning - the VoC and the NIS literatures indeed describe different phenomena, without being aware of the synergies created whenever adequate employee and scientific qualifications are hired together.