Action Research: Methods That Make Sense

Abstract

This article outlines five Web 2.0 resources and looks at the use of these tools among medical and nursing professionals and students at the Hospital, Medical School, and Nursing School of the University of Pennsylvania. Questionnaires showed that a majority of the individuals surveyed were unfamiliar with Web 2.0 resources. Additional respondents recognized the tools but did not use them in a medical or nursing context, with a minimal number using any tools to expand their medical or nursing knowledge. A lack of time to set up and use the resources, difficulty of set-up and use, skepticism about the quality of user-generated medical content, and a lack of perceived need for Web 2.0 resources contributed substantially to non-use. The University of Pennsylvania Biomedical Library is responding by increasing the availability of basic, quick, and easy-to-use instructional materials for selected Web 2.0 resources.     

Transcending Library Catalogs: A Comparative Study of Controlled Terms in Library of Congress Subject Headings and User-Generated Tags in LibraryThing for Transgender Books

Perhaps the greatest power of folksonomies, especially when set against controlled vocabularies like the Library of Congress Subject Headings, lies in their capacity to empower user communities to name their own resources in their own terms. This article analyzes the potential and limitations of both folksonomies and controlled vocabularies for transgender materials by analyzing the subject headings in WorldCat records and the user-generated tags in LibraryThing for books with transgender themes. A close examination of the subject headings and tags for twenty books on transgender topics reveals a disconnect between the language used by people who own these books and the terms authorized by the Library of Congress and assigned by catalogers to describe and organize transgender-themed books. The terms most commonly assigned by users are far less common or non-existent in WorldCat. The folksonomies also provide spaces for a multiplicity of representations, including a range of gender expressions, whereas these entities are often absent from Library of Congress Subject Headings and WorldCat. While folksonomies are democratic and respond quickly to shifts and expansions of categories, they lack control and may inhibit findability of resources. Neither tags nor subject headings are perfect systems by themselves, but they may complement each other well in library catalogs. Bringing users’ voices into catalogs through the addition of tags might greatly enhance organization, representation, and retrieval of transgender-themed materials.     

基于SOA的公积金业务系统设计关键技术

根据住房公积金业务管理的需求,引入了SOA的设计方法和设计原则,对业务系统进行分析设计,并对系统设计中采用的SOA体系结构、语义Web服务及其发现匹配等关键技术进行了详细的论述。该系统可用在社会保障体系中的多个部门,体现了SOA的优势。     

RSS: A framework enabling ranked search on the semantic web

The semantic web not only contains resources but also includes the heterogeneous relationships among them, which is sharply distinguished from the current web. As the growth of the semantic web, specialized search techniques are of significance. In this paper, we present RSS—a framework for enabling ranked semantic search on the semantic web. In this framework, the heterogeneity of relationships is fully exploited to determine the global importance of resources. In addition, the search results can be greatly expanded with entities most semantically related to the query, thus able to provide users with properly ordered semantic search results by combining global ranking values and the relevance between the resources and the query. The proposed semantic search model which supports inference is very different from traditional keyword-based search methods. Moreover, RSS also distinguishes from many current methods of accessing the semantic web data in that it applies novel ranking strategies to prevent returning search results in disorder. The experimental results show that the framework is feasible and can produce better ordering of semantic search results than directly applying the standard PageRank algorithm on the semantic web.     

Tagging and searching: Search retrieval effectiveness of folksonomies on the World Wide Web

Many Web sites have begun allowing users to submit items to a collection and tag them with keywords. The folksonomies built from these tags are an interesting topic that has seen little empirical research. This study compared the search information retrieval (IR) performance of folksonomies from social bookmarking Web sites against search engines and subject directories. Thirty-four participants created 103 queries for various information needs. Results from each IR system were collected and participants judged relevance. Folksonomy search results overlapped with those from the other systems, and documents found by both search engines and folksonomies were significantly more likely to be judged relevant than those returned by any single IR system type. The search engines in the study had the highest precision and recall, but the folksonomies fared surprisingly well. Del.icio.us was statistically indistinguishable from the directories in many cases. Overall the directories were more precise than the folksonomies but they had similar recall scores. Better query handling may enhance folksonomy IR performance further. The folksonomies studied were promising, and may be able to improve Web search performance.     

聋人与听力正常人短时记忆比较研究

本实验以视觉系列呈现方式 ,在形近、音近、义近三种干扰下以再认方法比较了听力正常人与聋人对字频与笔画二种不同水平汉字材料的短时记忆容量及编码方式 ,研究结果表明 :( 1 )聋人与听力正常人短时记忆容量差别有限 ,只存在于低频复杂汉字组中。 ( 2 )高频字中 ,聋人短时记忆编码以形码为主 ,义码次之 ,音码最弱 ;听力正常人则以音码为主 ,义码次之 ,形码作用最弱。 ( 3 )低频字中 ,低频简单组中表现出与高频字相同的编码方式 ,低频复杂组中聋人与听力正常人均表现形码、义码为主 ,音码作用弱的特点     

基于情节本体的叙事性文本语义结构化表示方法研究

叙事性文本是对现实世界的记录,也是人文学者的研究对象与基础,对叙事性文本的阐释更是人文学术研究的基本任务。随着数字人文的发展,人文学者对远距离阅读与策略型阅读的需求与日俱增。作为构成叙事性文本的基本单元,事件和情节是文本解读的重点。为了更好地适应人文学者阅读需求的转变,建构叙事性文本智慧数据,支撑数字人文研究,以情节为视角,以事件为基础,对广泛存在的叙事性文本进行深层次语义表示与结构化处理显得尤为重要。但现阶段较为成熟的文本表示方法更适用于结构相对清晰、统一的科学文本,不能很好地表示叙事性文本中存在的复杂叙事结构,因此,以知识表示与知识组织为出发点,构建符合叙事性文本特征的语义结构化表示方法具有十分重要的意义。本文在梳理叙事学基本理论与概念,以及事件知识表示、事件本体与叙事本体等理论研究的基础上,对叙事文本中存在的事件、事件间关系进行语义建模与表示,同时完善了对情节的定义,构建了基于事件的情节本体EBPO,提出了叙事性文本的"层次-网络"结构模型,用以实现对叙事性文本的语义结构化表示。初步标注的实验结果表明,借助情节本体及结构模型,可以实现对叙事性文本的语义结构化处理。     

MeSH词表的语义相似度计算研究*

 借鉴Rodriguez和Egenhofer提出的语义相似度计算模型,结合医学领域主题词表MeSH的特点,提出MeSH主题词表中的语义相似度计算方法,实验结果证明该方法是有效的。