中国古代丝绸之路地区民族体育文化新探

从价值观、自然条件、经济方式、社会体制等方面讨论了中国古代丝绸之路地区民族体育的文化模式及类型,指出了它的独特性.     

Technical analysis of a Central Asian wall painting detached from a Buddhist cave temple on the northern Silk Road

A great number of Central Asian wall paintings, archeological materials, architectural fragments, and textiles, as well as painting fragments on silk and paper, make up the so called Turfan Collection at the Asian Art Museum in Berlin. The largest part of the collection comes from the Kucha region, a very important cultural center in the third to ninth centuries. Between 1902 and 1914, four German expeditions traveled along the northern Silk Road. During these expeditions, wall paintings were detached from their original settings in Buddhist cave complexes. This paper reports a technical study of a wall painting, existing in eight fragments, from the Buddhist cave no. 40 (Ritterhöhle). Its original painted surface is soot blackened and largely illegible. Grünwedel, leader of the first and third expeditions, described the almost complete destruction of the rediscovered temple complex and evidence of fire damage. The aim of this case study is to identify the materials used for the wall paintings. Furthermore, soot deposits as well as materials from conservation interventions were of interest. Non-invasive analyses were preferred but a limited number of samples were taken to provide more precise information on the painting technique. By employing optical and scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and Raman spectroscopy, a layer sequence of earthen render, a ground layer made of gypsum, and a paint layer containing a variety of inorganic pigments were identified.     

Later life learning experiences: listening to the voices of Chinese elders in Hong Kong

Abstract

Governments’ anxieties about ageing populations are mostly concerned with the costs of welfare, care and health provision which all have to be paid for by an ever dwindling working population. However, research in later life learning indicates the significant role that lifelong learning can play in promoting mental well-being and resilience, and in assisting with maintaining personal self-confidence and self-coping strategies that prevent cognitive decline in an ageing population. This paper draws on the research with a group of Chinese elders in Hong Kong, who provide information about their experiences and views on learning in later life, including the meaning of learning, barriers to participation, learning interests, needs, motivations, and instructional preferences. Both quantitative and qualitative findings are reported to shed light on later life learning experiences, which contribute to the global understanding of later life learning and serve to inform the development of policy and practice geared to the planning and provision of opportunities to keep learning at the later stages of life.     

丝绸之路申报世界遗产的理论与实践

在文献调研的基础上,本文将丝绸之路申报世界遗产的过程划分为理论探索阶段(从上世纪80年代末到2005年10月)和实施阶段(从2005年11月起)。从三个方面总结了理论探索阶段的工作:1.丝绸之路的传统研究、非物质文化遗产研究和环境研究;2.文化路线的研究;3.丝绸之路申遗的方法学研究。实施阶段从2005年11月开始,作为系列申报的第一个群集,我们乐观地期望丝绸之路中国和中亚段的文化遗产能于2010年列入世界遗产名录。     

The Russian avant-garde painting palette: Documentary and physicochemical codification of organic colorants

In the present article an attempt is made to elucidate the organic colorants commonly encountered in the Russian avant-garde painting palette by a combined art historical, documentary and physicochemical investigation, and to examine the influence of environmental factors on the chromatic profile originally sought by the artist. The overall approach based on written sources is confirmed by measurements on relevant paintings. The documentary research deals with the influences of Orthodox iconography, folkloric art, and occidental modernist tendencies on the Russian avant-garde palette, and studies the effects of contradictory historical processes in the chromatic profile of individual paintings. In the experimental section a series of colorants are investigated concerning the effects of accelerated ageing on experimental painting tables, prepared as watercolor and gouache layers on paper ground. The resulting samples are subjected to colorimetric and spectroscopic measurements, and analogous analytical procedures are applied on samples taken from selected paintings. A systematic comparative study of all data permits evaluation of the materials used in terms of their stability towards extrinsic factors, and proposal of degradation routes in order to assist museum curators and conservators in every concrete case related to the broad spectrum of pigments examined.     

"丝绸之路"甘肃段体育旅游资源的开发研究

体育旅游是近几年兴起的现代旅游方式,并已成为旅游业的一个新亮点,地处经济欠发达地区的甘肃省,借助西部大开发政策的实施,如何利用"丝绸之路"甘肃段赋存的旅游自然资源、人文资源以及国内外体育旅游大发展的良好机遇,开展体育旅游,推动甘肃省体育产业的发展,对全省国民经济的发展具有十分重要的意义.在全面论证了甘肃省体育旅游资源现状后,提出全面开发各类体育旅游产品,拓宽甘肃省体育旅游市场开发的途径.     

亚太五国基于亚欧合作的“丝路战略”比较研究

在经济全球化的背景下,中、美、日、韩、俄分别推出各自的基于亚欧经济合作的“丝路战略”,并希望以此为契机带动各自国家经济的发展。各国的“丝路战略”均聚焦于中亚地区,但覆盖范围不同,战略意图和目标也不同。中国的“丝路战略”拟构建战略合作伙伴关系,具有合作共赢的内在价值;美国的“丝路战略”强调其主导的“中亚-阿富汗-南亚”经济体;日本的“丝路战略”谋求在中亚和高加索站住脚跟,实现能源重心转移;俄罗斯的“丝路战略”试图恢复其传统政治影响,由“俄白哈关税同盟”逐渐向“欧亚联盟”过渡;韩国的“丝路战略”意欲通过中亚经济的繁荣寻求能源合作。中国要积极搭建同其他经济体的合作平台,扩大“一带一路”的国际影响力;要加强与中亚国家的联盟,并重视人文交流。     

Study of the stability of a series of synthetic colorants applied with styrene-acrylic copolymer, widely used in contemporary paintings, concerning the effects of accelerated ageing

This study examines the materials of a contemporary pictorial artwork, belonging to the Macedonian Museum of Contemporary Art in Thessaloniki (Greece), and needing conservation. The combined use of micro-FTIR and micro-Raman spectroscopy allowed the identification of almost all painting materials. Moreover, the stability of a series of synthetic pigments towards accelerated ageing is investigated in applications using the contemporary binding medium styrene-acrylic copolymer. The pigments in question are: Hansa yellow PY3 and PY74, quinacridone PV19 and PR122, naphthol AS PR112, phthalocyanine green PG7 and blue PB15, dioxazine PV37, van Dyck brown PBk11, ivory black PBk9, and titanium dioxide PW6. The organic pigments were applied alone or mixed with titanium dioxide, in rutile form or as a mixture of rutile/anatase. The experimental swatches were subjected to ageing tests, and subsequently studied as to colour changes by means of colorimetric measurements, and as to the molecular structure differentiations by infrared spectroscopy in reflectance mode. The ageing tests included exposure to high temperature and humidity (90 °C, 60% RH) and to ultraviolet radiation (350 nm, 30 °C and 50% RH, with a substantial temperature increase at 90 °C for 3 days). The greater colour difference is caused by high temperature and humidity, whereas paint layers containing TiO₂, and especially the mixture of the forms rutile/anatase, prove very susceptible to ultraviolet radiation, demonstrating a significant colour difference and extended molecular changes.     

Walking and biologic ageing: Evidence based on NHANES telomere data

ABSTRACT

The length of telomeres is an objective measure of biologic ageing. This study evaluated the extent minutes of walking per week are associated with leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in a random sample of 5,823 U.S. adults. The investigation was cross-sectional and data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). LTL was measured by the quantitative polymerase chain reaction method. Walking minutes was calculated from walking frequency and duration measures. Results showed that for each year of chronological age, telomeres were 15.6 base pairs shorter (P < 0.0001). With walking minutes and LTL treated as continuous variables, the relationship was quadratic, not linear (F = 11.2, P = 0.0023). With walking time divided into three categories, adults who performed ≥ 150 minutes of walking per week had longer telomeres than those who did no regular walking, and those who did some, but less than the recommendation (F = 5.0, P = 0.0137). Regular walkers were estimated to have a biologic ageing advantage associated with 6.5–7.6 years less biologic ageing compared to non-walkers, after adjusting for covariates. Additional investigations designed to study causality and the mechanisms associated with the walking and LTL relationship are needed.