奥斯本"企业家政府"理论的价值及应用

“企业家政府”理论强调注重效率 ,提出了一系列切中时弊的主张 ,在行政改革中产生了较大影响。借鉴这一理论 ,政府内部管理应强调“结果为本”而不是“规则为本”,公共服务应以调控引导为主而不是直接提供 ,社会事务应放给社会自我管理而不是政府包揽 ,发展模式上应注重长远发展而不是一时增长。     

社会工作专业实践教学体系的思考与建构

社会工作是以解决现实社会问题为主的应用性学科,实践性、实务性是其最本质的属性和最突出的特征。社会工作专业的实务性取向使实践教学成为培养学生运用理论知识、掌握工作技巧、内化职业伦理的重要环节。社会工作专业实践教学的四大体系——内容体系、平台体系、师资体系和管理体系是构建社会工作专业实践教学模式的主要内容,也是培养社会工作专业创新人才的有益尝试。     

东莞地区图书馆与社会阅读调查报告

东莞地区图书馆与社会阅读调查项目是由中国图书馆学会图书馆与社会阅读委员会和东莞图书馆联合组成的调研组,针对东莞地区社会阅读状况而开展的调查和评估工作。项目通过文献调研、抽样分析、问卷设计以及在东莞市各镇街展开的全面调查,而获得了大量一手的数据,较全面地展现了东莞地区社会阅读的全貌,本报告对调查数据进行了统计分析,以期为其他城市开展社会阅读活动提供可资借鉴的案例。     

社会性软件支持下教师专业发展策略研究

应用社会性软件促进教师专业发展是一项很有价值的研究课题。文章阐述了社会性软件的定义、分类和功能,剖析了社会性软件对促进教师专业发展的重要作用,并从多层面提出基于社会性软件帮助教师开展教育叙事和行动研究,培养教师的合作意识和协作能力,创新教师专业发展模式,有效进行知识管理,综合提升教师科研能力的教师专业发展策略。     

Cognitive and social help giving in online teaching: an exploratory study

While literature suggests that college students may be less reluctant to seek help in online rather than traditional courses, little is known about how online instructors give help in ways that lead to increased student help seeking and academic success. In this study, we used theories and research on learning assistance and scaffolding, teacher immediacy, social presence, and academic help seeking to explore through a cross-case study design how three online instructors differed in their use of cognitive and social supports and how those differences related to student perceptions of support, help seeking, and performance. Primary data sources included all course postings by the instructors, interviews with the instructors, observational field notes on course discussions, student interviews, and final student grades. Archived course documents and student discussion postings were secondary data sources. Data analysis revealed that while all instructors provided cognitive and social support, they varied in their level of questioning, use of direct instruction, support for task structuring, and attention to group dynamics. This variation in teaching presence related to differences across the courses in student perceptions of support, student help seeking in course discussions, and final course grades. Implications for online teaching and suggestions for further research are offered.

评“社科期刊编排规范化”

《中国高等学校社会科学学报编排规范》是在《中国学术期刊(光盘版)检索与评价数据规范》基础上制作完成的,带有明显的光盘版特征和痕迹,而后者则是基于电子网络平台的电子版规范,它的作用和功能主要是用于对原创学术论文以及期刊源的检索与评价。《中国高等学校社会科学学报编排规范》不仅存在着"形式主义化"的问题,而且存在大量违背《著作权法》以及国家标准的条款,由于它不适合纸质期刊的编排规律和实际,因而遭到越来越多的批评。"新规范"的思想认识基础,不外乎两条:一是认为随着全球化的到来,"与国际接轨"是必然的,因此,在标准的制定上要国际化,甚至不惜与中国的传统全面"脱轨";二是认为随着信息化、数字化、网络化时代的到来,印刷型期刊"为文献检索与计量评价机构提供服务"是必然的要求。     

Narrative Capacity,Resistance Performance,and the “Shape” of New Social Movement Networks

The current research explored two new social movement networks in the United States in order to demonstrate the impact of narrative capacity on the “shape” of an activist network. In particular, we found that activists in a network that demonstrated efficient narrative capacity described the hub organization in positive terms, while activists in a network that demonstrated poor narrative capacity held mixed perceptions about the hub. Some activists in the second network held positive perceptions about the organization, while others held negative perceptions. The observations from these two research sites led us to conceptualize activists' differing perceptions about their respective hub organizations as “distance” that they experienced from that hub. Therefore, two different star shapes emerged from our research: a symmetrical star and elongated star. Such findings demonstrate the importance for narrative capacity in the construction and maintenance of effective activist networks.     

社会空间与社会阶级——布迪厄阶级理论与贝尔后工业社会的中轴原理之比较

布迪厄从＂文化与社会分层＂关系角度,把文化作为一个阶层划分的标识,同时认为消费方式具有社会分类的功能。丹尼尔.贝尔的后工业社会的中轴原理与之不同,它强调理论知识处于中心地位,成为社会发展中轴进而引起阶级结构变化,因而受科学知识作用影响的新职能结构将重新划分社会各阶层。     

迪尔凯姆和吉登斯思想中的社会性因素

迪尔凯姆强调社会事实中外在性和强制性的特征源于某种社会性因素。吉登斯则从“结构二重性”角度丰富了社会性因素的理论范式。只有认识到社会性因素是主观存在和客观存在的统一,抽象存在和具体存在的统一,才能消除社会性因素理解中的矛盾。     

No inventor is an island: Social connectedness and the geography of knowledge flows in the US

Do informal social ties connecting inventors across distant places promote knowledge flows between them? To measure informal ties, we use a new and direct index of social connectedness of regions based on aggregate Facebook friendships. We use a well-established identification strategy that relies on matching inventor citations with citations from examiners. Moreover, we isolate the specific effect of informal connections, above and beyond formal professional ties (co-inventor networks) and geographic proximity. We identify a significant and robust effect of informal ties on patent citations. Further, we find that the effect of geographic proximity on knowledge flows is entirely explained by informal social ties and professional networks. We also show that the effect of informal social ties on knowledge flows is greater for new entrepreneurs or ‘garage inventors’, for older or ‘forgotten’ patents, and for flows across distant technology fields. It has also become increasingly important over the last two decades.