Neural network and principal component regression in non-destructive soluble solids content assessment: a comparison

Visible and near infrared spectroscopy is a non-destructive, green, and rapid technology that can be utilized to estimate the components of interest without conditioning it, as compared with classical analytical methods. The objective of this paper is to compare the performance of artificial neural network (ANN) (a nonlinear model) and principal component regression (PCR) (a linear model) based on visible and shortwave near infrared (VIS-SWNIR) (400–1000 nm) spectra in the non-destructive soluble solids content measurement of an apple. First, we used multiplicative scattering correction to pre-process the spectral data. Second, PCR was applied to estimate the optimal number of input variables. Third, the input variables with an optimal amount were used as the inputs of both multiple linear regression and ANN models. The initial weights and the number of hidden neurons were adjusted to optimize the performance of ANN. Findings suggest that the predictive performance of ANN with two hidden neurons outperforms that of PCR.     

可溶性糯米淀粉的制备及成膜性质研究

研究了以糯米粉为原料,通过糊化处理制备可溶性糯米淀粉,结果表明当糊化工艺为:pH10.0、糊化温度85℃、糊化时间30min时,制备的可溶性糯米淀粉得率较高,且其溶液粘度较好。以可溶性糯米淀粉为成膜基质制备了可食用淀粉膜,与传统明胶膜相比,其拉伸强度较低,但色泽、透明度良好。     

Application Fourier transform near infrared spectrometer in rapid estimation of soluble solids content of intact citrus fruits

INTRODUCTION Soluble solids content (SSC) is a major charac- teristic used for assessing citrus fruit quality. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been used as a rapid and nondestructive technique for determining the soluble solids content of fruit. Kawano et al.(1992) measured sugar content of peaches in the wavelength region of 680~1235 nm. Their experiments indicated good correlation between the NIR spectra and the sugar content (r=0.97, SEP=0.05 °Brix). Slaughter (1995) devel…     

季铵盐-钕/蒙脱土复合材料的制备及抗菌性能的研究

以NaF为改性剂,利用钙基蒙脱土制备钠基蒙脱土,再用离子交换法将无机抗菌离子钕离子和有机抗菌离子十六烷基三甲基季铵阳离子对钠基蒙脱土改性,制备载钕蒙脱土（Nd-MMT）、十六烷基三甲基季铵盐-载钕蒙脱土（1631-Nd-MMT）.X-射线衍射（XRD）分析结果表明,钕离子和十六烷基三甲基季铵盐阳离子确实都已交换到蒙脱土中.抗菌实验表明,改性蒙脱土抗菌剂对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌有抑制、杀菌效果,抗菌试验的结果也表明,复合抗菌剂具有较好的抗菌性能.     

Measurement of soluble solids content in watermelon by Vis/NIR diffuse transmittance technique

INTRODUCTION Determination of fruit and vegetable quality is very important for both producers and processors. Watermelon as a delicious fruit has been widely ac-cepted in the world and its internal quality is impor-tant for consumers and merchants. The current fa-vorite way for checking a watermelon is to sense sound or vibration by slapping or rapping it. It is time consuming, tedious, and subject to error. Several studies on assessing the quality of watermelon based on its acoustic o…     

Applying ellipsometry to studying the effect of two kinds of rare earth metal salts on anodizing aluminum alloy

1.IntroductionDuringthepastyears,avarietyofsurfacetreatmentshavebeenusedtoincreasecorrosionresistanceofaluminumalloys.SinceHintonandhiscolleaguesfirstreportedthecorrosioninhibitionwithrareearthmetalsaltsforAA7075aluminumalloys[1],muchattentionhasbeenpaidtotheroleofrareearthadditivesintheareaofsurfacetreatmentsofaluminumanditsalloys.However,mostoftheseresearchesfocusedonrareearthconversioncoatingsformedbychemicalconversionmethods[2-8],theapplicationofrareearthmetalsaltsinanodizingofaluminumall…     

三叶期前水稻幼苗抗寒生理研究

研究了三叶期前的不同阶段水稻幼苗在遭受低温伤容时,共体内抗寒物质含量的变化,提出了不同阶段耐寒性不同的生理机制．     

A Multi Proxy Investigation of Moisture,Salt, and Weathering Dynamics on a Historic Urban Boundary Wall in Oxford,UK

ABSTRACT

Boundary walls are neglected but important parts of historic urban environments, and they are often prone to serious deterioration. Understanding moisture and salt dynamics within boundary walls can help infer the causes and dynamics of deterioration. This investigation investigates the patterns of moisture, salt, and deterioration on a 300 year old limestone boundary wall in Worcester College, Oxford. Multiple methods to assess moisture and salts within and across the wall (electrical resistivity tomography, handheld resistivity-based moisture meter, paper pulp poultices, scanning electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, and ion chromatography of small scale sampling of deteriorated limestone) were used in conjunction with decay mapping of both sides of the wall. The salt weathering strongly correlates with severely weathered zones at the wall and salts, mainly sulfates, seem to be the main agent of decay processes. The combined results demonstrate that the environmental influences driving stone decay can differ on a very small scale even at a comparatively simple structure like a boundary wall, and that repairs can have adverse effects if the patterns of salt and moisture dynamics are not sufficiently known.     

完全沉淀被测组分所需沉淀剂的用量条件

以难溶盐的溶解度与活度积、活度系数的关系为依据,探讨完全沉淀被测离子所需沉淀剂的具体用量条件,并推导出相应的计算关系式,使沉淀剂的用量更加明确、具体和具有实用性．