Are Small Recipients Overlooked by Sponsors? An Empirical Note

This note presents an analysis of data collected on the revenue structure of cultural institutions in Berlin and Hamburg, with a focus on sponsoring. Ex ante there are some reasons why firms, when giving to the arts, might favour large recipients, but also some why they could favour smaller ones. For our sample we find that income from sponsoring per visitor is larger for smaller cultural institutions. Finally, we argue that these results can be considered as evidence for a at least partly altruistic motivation of sponsors.     

浅谈图书馆赠书制度的建设和赠书工作的开展

详细阐述了赠书的重要性，指出赠书制度建立过程中应注意的事项以及所面临问题，并提出一些关于如何开展图书馆的赠书工作的建议。     

论抗战时期国民政府捐款献金收支管理与奖励办法

抗战爆发后,各地民众积极响应政府“有钱出钱”的号召,纷纷捐款献金。国民政府为统一管理和鼓励民众捐款献金,制定了相关捐款献金收支与奖励办法,这对于当时的抗战起到了较重要的作用。本文通过对之的分析研究,旨在揭示这种金融管理办法对当时抗战的重要意义和我们今天可借鉴的所在。     

Effect of antioxidants and antibiotics on levels of seminal oxidative stress in leukocytospermic infertile men

Defective sperm function is the most common cause of infertility. A prospective study was carried out to correlate the concentration of nitrite (the stable metabolite of nitric oxide) in seminal plasma with leukocytospermia, and sperm membrane integrity. Total Fifty-seven normozoospermic subjects with and without leukocytospermia visiting the Infertility clinic at KH and MRC, Karad, were included in the present study. Semen samples were checked for sperm concentration, total sperm count, sperm motility, seminal leukocyte concentration and sperm membrane integrity as Hypoosmotic Swelling Test. Similarly the concentration of nitrite in seminal plasma was measured by Griess reaction and total antioxidant power measured as ferric reducing ability of plasma. The concentration of nitrite in seminal plasma was found to be raised with significantly increased leukocyte concentration in semen. Also significantly lowered levels of total antioxidant power along with defective sperm function was observed. Our results suggest that supplementary treatment of antioxidants with antibiotic for leukocytospermic infertile male patients may improve the sperm membrane integrity.     

三元能量对环磷酰胺诱发小鼠精子畸形的影响

在研究三元能量对小鼠体细胞（骨髓染色体）抗诱变遗传效应的基础上,采用小鼠精子畸形实验方法,三元能量对生殖细胞的影响作用,实验结果表明,三元能量对小鼠的生殖细胞精子,具有抗环磷酰胺诱发的精子畸形率数上升,说明了三元能量不仅对小鼠的体细胞而且对生殖细胞也具有抑制诱发畸变及降低遗传毒性的作用。     

Why do we subsidize donations to the opera?

In many countries – the US, Canada and the UK, for example – donors to charities receive the identical subsidy through the tax system whether their donation is to a homeless shelter, or to the opera. The way in which charitable giving is subsidized differs across systems, but the equal treatment of very different charities is common to them. Given the different circumstances of the beneficiaries of these various of charities, how can the identical tax subsidy for donations be justified? One approach is to consider the charitable subsidy in light of egalitarian theories of justice and to ask whether a subsidy to charitable gifts to arts institutions that primary benefit the well-off could be justified within the theory. An alternative approach avoids the overarching theory of just distribution and focuses instead on the essentially political and practical aspects of the income tax. This essay considers both approaches, concluding that the latter is more appropriate to the question of the charitable subsidy, and that there is a case to be made for equal treatment of donation to charities with markedly different beneficiaries.     

协调·和谐·发展:科学发展观视角下的慈善事业——以海外乡亲对广东省的捐赠为个案研究

慈善事业是中国特色社会保障体系的有机组成部分,慈善捐赠是慈善事业的重要内容,而华侨华人、港澳同胞的捐赠占我国慈善捐赠的绝大部分,并且发挥着极其重要的作用。目前,学术界对慈善事业的研究要么理论性太强,缺乏史实的支撑,要么完全是对史实的重现与整合,缺乏理论的架构。对海外乡亲捐赠的研究尤其如此。基于此种状况,本文以海外乡亲对广东省的捐赠为个案,以科学发展观为理论架构,探讨改革开放以来海外乡亲捐赠的基本理念与制度安排,并分析海外乡亲捐赠的未来路向,为我国的慈善捐赠事业提供政策导向。     

信心回归:破解难题给举办者一个良好的成长环境——举办者信心丧失是民办教育发展的最深层危机

广东民办学校经营成本高企,不少民办学校难以为继。而对产权和回报的诉求与目的上的歧视,严重地制约着民办学校举办者的积极性和不断投入的水平。要给民办教育举办者营造一个良好的成长环境,使民办教育投资重振信心,必须使民办教育投资权益回归《物权法》,以增加民办教育可持续发展的基本动力。     

Different sperm sources and parameters can influence intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes before embryo implantation

To evaluate the effects of sperm with different parameters and sources on the outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), 1972 ICSI cycles were analyzed retrospectively. Groups 1 to 5 were composed of cycles using ejaculated sperm and were grouped according to sperm quantity, quality, and morphology into normal (288 cycles), or mild (329 cycles), moderate (522 cycles), severe (332 cycles), and extremely severe (171 cycles) oligozoospermia and/or asthenozoospermia and/or teratozoospermia (OAT) groups. Group 6 was composed of 250 cycles using testicular or epididymal sperm, and Group 7 consisted of 80 cycles using frozen-thawed sperm. We found that fertilization rates were gradually reduced from Groups 1 to 6, and reached statistical difference in Groups 5 and 6 (P<0.05). The high-quality embryo rate was higher in Group 1 than in Groups 2, 3, 5, 6, and 7 (P<0.05). No statistical differences were observed in the rates of embryo cleavage, clinical pregnancy, miscarriage, live-birth, premature birth, low birth weight, weeks of premature birth, average birth weight, or sex ratio for all seven groups (P>0.05). A total of nine cases of malformation were observed, with a malformation rate of 1.25% (9/719). In conclusion, different sperm sources and parameters can affect ICSI outcomes before embryo implantation. A full assessment of offspring malformation will require further study using a larger sample size.