Effects of administrative scheduling and directions upon student ratings of instruction

Using temporal proximity of instructor/course evaluations to critical in-course events, together with psychological set provided via directions, the present investigation sought to assess (1) the appropriateness of within-course time-series analyses for instructor ratings, and (2) the potency of inducing rater perceptions of the rating process as an interactive variable in course evaluations. A 2 × 2 (temporal proximity by psychological set) factorial design used students enrolled in two sections of an undergraduate course in educational psychology as subjects. Using both midterm and final examination time periods as data collection points, the results of this investigation suggested that preexamination instructor/course evaluations tend to be more favorable than postexamination evaluations, and that a specific positive psychological set prior to evaluations tends to produce more favorable evaluations than very general, brief instructions.     

Factors predictive of black students' communication with the administration and students at a predominantly white university

Black students' interaction with a predominantly white university's administration, faculty, and students appears to be a central issue in current study of black student success in college. This study examined personality and situational factors predictive of black students' communication with such a university's administration, faculty, and students. The development of an instrument describing environmental and social concerns of black students demonstrated reasonable predictive validity of communication with the administration and white students. Feelings about the social environment and tendencies of communication anxiety were among the strongest predictors of black students' communication.     

数字图书馆教学对数字图书馆发展的影响——专业教育会将新的图书馆员领向何方？

数字图书馆的专业教育近几年来在美国及其他国家迅速发展。网络调查显示开设数字图书馆专业课程的大学四年内增加了三倍。目前不但信息管理专业及图书馆院系设置此课程,计算机,通讯及工程学院也设置类似课程。在对50多所大学开设的数字图书馆课程的教学大纲,学习重点,课题项目,及教科书选用异同的研究分析来看,多数课程重视学生的“动手(hands-on)”能力,即实际操作本领,要求学生和数字图书馆进行互动。一些课程注重数字图书馆的系统教育,有的则偏重网络及计算机软件技术的教育。作为一门新学科内容,训练学生掌握数字图书馆相关新技能,使其更容易担负未来数字图书馆的工作已成为信息学、信息与计算机技术、信息管理学课程中的一大热点。 有的名牌大学已将数字图书馆作为一门专业主攻方向并授予证书学位。数字图书馆专业教育的迅速发展反映了信息管理及图书馆学教育的新趋势。信息图书馆学院系的课程肩负着培训完成新旧图书馆模式转变的新一代信息专业工作者的重任,故应加速完善以反映本世纪最前沿的数字图书馆相关问题。     

论高职院校图书馆信息服务能力的提高

论文针对当前高职院校图书馆信息服务能力普遍偏低的现象,提出图书馆应积极投身到信息服务中去,把信息服务能力的培养和提高作为提升服务品位、促进事业发展的重要推动力。     

论从屈原到宋玉的四大转型

宋玉是战国晚期楚国著名的辞赋作家,历来与屈原并尊为"中国文学之祖".但屈原是楚辞的代表作家,而宋玉则是楚赋的代表作家;屈原所创作的楚辞重抒情,而宋玉所创作的楚赋重体物;屈原喜犯颜直谏,宋玉好微辞讽谏;屈原崇高伟大,宋玉自然亲切.从屈原到宋玉,实现了由楚辞向楚赋的转移、由缘情向体物的嬗变、由直谏向曲谏的发展、由崇高向世俗的回落.这些都标志着中国文学的重大转型,对后代作家及其文学创作产生了深远的影响.     

试论电子版《中图法》体系结构及其改进

本文阐述了电子版《中图法》体系之五部分的宏观结构和类目类型、类目关系、类目注释及参照显示的微观结构,提出了电子版《中图法》的不足与改进的五个方面。     

论城市社区图书馆的建设与发展之路

结合深圳市建设“图书馆之城”的实践,论述城市社区图书馆在经费、管理员、组织实施及藏书等建设的方式,并对其发展存在的问题进行探讨.     

Contextual cues and depth of processing in short prose passages

Two experiments compared context and depth-of-processing strategies applied to the learning of short aurally presented prose passages. In the first study, contextual orientation led to significantly higher recall than a continue-paragraph condition, and both strategy groups performed significantly better than a nonstrategy control group. In the second experiment, continuing paragraphs was superior to generating contextual theme statements, with both strategies again superior to the controls. These results were discussed in terms of the ways in which processing demands effect memory for connected discourse.     

Communication channels within ethnic groups

Major channels of communication are examined for two major functions: providing news of the ethnic community, and linking ethnics to the “mother country.” The four major channels are: interpersonal channels (friends and neighbors), radio, local metropolitan daily newspapers, and ethnic-language newspapers. Size of ethnic group is linked to channel preference, and greater ethnicity is related to a preference for ethnic media for both functions. Lower SES ethnics lend to rely more on interpersonal communication and ethnic media, while higher SES ethnics turn more to metro media and magazines. Channel preference as indicated by respondents is also linked to actual usage patterns.     

A historical overview of educational psychology

A historical review of educational psychology might improve understanding of current status and problems. Before American development of the field, the Greeks, Juan Vives in the 16th century, and Pestalozzi and Herbart in the 19th century applied psychological views to educational problems. Despite the absence of scientific psychology in 19th century America, normal schools offered courses purporting to be psychological in content; these courses were supported by textbooks on the subject. James began, and Thorndike developed, the discipline that by the mid-1920s had assumed much of its current form. Journals and academic departments appeared in the first quarter of the century also. The continuing search through the middle of the century for a satisfying professional organization reflected educational psychology's difficulties in establishing an identity. It is not clear even today that the field has “crystallized,” as one writer described it in the 1920s.