大学教师发展——“教学学术”的维度

大学教师发展(Faculty Development)有着丰富的内涵,教学工作是其中一个十分重要的方面。论文借鉴欧内斯特.博耶所提出的"教学学术"的相关理论,指出大学教师发展的核心在于"教学专业"的发展,而教学专业发展的关键则在于以重构学术内涵为切入点,牢固确立"教学学术"的观念;认真处理好"教学学术"与专业科研和社会服务之间的关系;自觉加强关于大学教学本身的科学研究。     

“竹帘”背后的中国——1949-1971年《时代》周刊的中国报道评析

1949.10.1-1971.4.9《时代》周刊的报道中所呈现的中国,是一个极度负面的＂风雨飘摇的邪恶帝国＂的形象,这一形象与中国的实际情况相距较远,其报道存在比较明显的不准确和片面的成分。导致这一时期《时代》周刊对中国的报道不太客观公正的原因主要有二：一是其持有强烈的＂反共主义＂意识形态;二是其将中国视为严重威胁美国国家利益的敌人。     

俄罗斯白银时代的时代精神建构及特征

在俄国文化发展史上,兴起于19世纪末至20世纪初的＂白银时代＂被称为俄国精神文化的＂文艺复兴＂时期。在＂重估一切价值＂的思潮推动下,批判与创新、民主与包容成为那个时代的主流精神。对白银时代的时代精神的研究将有助于我们更好地理解白银时代的文化特质。     

论事物的多维属性

事物的维,就是人们对事物研究的视角、出发点、看问题的角度。任何事物都有众多属性,每站在一种属性上观察研究问题,就可确定事物的一种维。由于事物的属性众多,因此说,事物具有多维性。由于人们受心理定势规律的影响,在观察研究问题时,往往站在某个或某几个固定的维上看问题,而忽视了事物的其他属性,这样常造成看问题的片面性。事物的多维特性,既是客观的,又是主观的。为了帮助人们顺利转换看问题的视角,为了便于人们全面地看问题,顺利进行发散性思维,培养发展创造性思维能力,特对事物的多维属性进行了讨论。     

Responses to oral glucose challenge differ by physical activity volume and intensity: A pilot study

BackgroundOne-hour postprandial hyperglycemia is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Physical activity (PA) has short-term beneficial effects on post-meal glucose response. This study compared the oral glucose tolerance test results of 3 groups of people with habitually different levels of PA.MethodsThirty-one adults without diabetes (age 25.9 ± 6.6 years; body mass index 23.8 ± 3.8 kg/m²; mean ± SD) were recruited and divided into 3 groups based on self-reported PA volume and intensity: low activity < 30 min/day of moderate-intensity activity (n = 11), moderately active ≥ 30 min/day of moderate-intensity PA (n = 10), and very active ≥ 60 min/day of PA at high intensity (n = 10). Participants completed an oral glucose tolerance test (50 g glucose) with capillary blood samples obtained at baseline, 15 min, 30 min, 45 min, 60 min, 90 min, and 120 min post-ingestion.ResultsThere were no significant differences between groups for age or body fat percentage or glycated hemoglobin (p > 0.05). The groups were significantly different in terms of baseline glucose level (p = 0.003) and, marginally, for gender (p = 0.053) and BMI (p = 0.050). There was a statistically significant effect of PA on the 1-h postprandial glucose results (p = 0.029), with differences between very active and low activity groups (p = 0.008) but not between the moderately active and low activity groups (p = 0.360), even when baseline glucose level and gender differences were accounted for. For incremental area under the curve there was no significant effect of activity group once gender and body fat percentage had been accounted for (p = 0.401). Those in the low activity group took 15 min longer to reach peak glucose level than those in the very active group (p = 0.012).ConclusionThe results suggest that high levels of PA have a beneficial effect on postprandial blood glucose profiles when compared to low and moderate levels of activity.     

能量耗散对蜿蜒河流分形结构的影响

为了探讨蜿蜒河流平面形态分形结构形成的物理机制,对河流能量耗散进行了定性描述,引入了负熵概念。把河床几何形态划分为若干微观状态,根据这些微观状态的信息量和熵与分形维数的关系探讨河流能量耗散对河床几何形态的影响。结果表明,河床从水流中吸入的负熵越多,其分形维数值越大,河道也愈加蜿蜒曲折。因此,蜿蜒河流平面形态分形结构形成、发育及其演变的物理机制之一可归结为河流系统的耗散性,即河床从水流中吸取负熵的多寡及其变化过程。将上述理论应用于下荆江,计算结果与实际情况比较吻合。     

Probability Density Function Method for Observing Reconstructed Attractor Structure

Probability density function (PDF) method is proposed for analysing the structure of the reconstructed attractor in computing the correlation dimensions of RR intervals of ten normal old men. PDF contains important information about the spatial distribution of the phase points in the reconstructed attractor. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that the PDF method is put forward for the analysis of the reconstructed attractor structure. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the cardiac systems of healthy old men are about 6 - 6.5 dimensional complex dynamical systems. It is found that PDF is not symmetrically distributed when time delay is small, while PDF satisfies Gaussian distribution when time delay is big enough. A cluster effect mechanism is presented to explain this phenomenon. By studying the shape of PDFs, that the roles played by time delay are more important than embedding dimension in the reconstruction is clearly indicated. Results have demonstrated that the PDF method represents a promising numerical approach for the observation of the reconstructed attractor structure and may provide more information and new diagnostic potential of the analyzed cardiac system.     

“TFE”法——网络计划工期优化的新思路

针对新兴的工程网络计划技术采用逆向思维,在网络计划优化中对于工期优化采用“TFE”法进行优化的新思路,使网络计划工期的优化较为简便.     

苏州地区大学生体育生活形式、内容以及时空结构的研究

采用文献资料、问卷调查等研究方法,对苏州地区11所普通高校800名大学生,就其体育生活形式、内容及其时空结构取舍进行调查分析。结果显示,大学生体育生活形式呈现多元化趋势,体育活动的时间主要集中在下午至晚上课余时间,在校园内的一些免费场馆进行体育锻炼;在活动项内容上,男生参与较多的为三大球,女生则以体操类活动为主,小球居次,一些休闲性、时尚性、娱乐性的项目逐渐成为当代大学生体育生活的一部分。     

Preparation time influences ankle and knee joint control during dynamic change of direction movements

The influence of preparation time on ankle joint biomechanics during highly dynamic movements is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of limited preparation time on ankle joint loading during highly dynamic run-and-cut movements. Thirteen male basketball players performed 45°-sidestep-cutting and 180°-turning manoeuvres in reaction to light signals which appeared during the approach run. Both movements were executed under (1) an easy condition, in which the light signal appeared very early, (2) a medium condition and (3) a hard condition with very little time to prepare the movements. Maximum ankle inversion angles, moments and velocities during ground contact, as well as EMG signals of three lower extremity muscles, were analysed. In 180°-turning movements, reduced preparation time led to significantly increased maximum ankle inversion velocities. Muscular activation levels, however, did not change. Increased inversion velocities, without accompanying changes in muscular activation, may have the potential to destabilise the ankle joint when less preparation time is available. This may result in a higher injury risk during turning movements and should therefore be considered in ankle injury research and the aetiology of ankle sprains.