关于粗糙集理论的一些探讨

粗糙集理论是一种新型的处理模糊和不确定知识的数学工具。文章介绍了Rough Set理论的基本思想及分析了粗糙集方法的特点,描述了一种基于粗糙集理论的知识发现步骤。     

一种针对骨骼肌和能量系统的新训练理念:逐步减负训练

目的:为了获得与每种运动类型相关的特定适应性,通常需要进行持续和间歇性运动,从而提出"逐步减负训练(SLRT)"作为一种新的训练方法在单一运动项目里来获得连续和间歇性的适应性;方法:运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法梳理SLRT对骨骼肌及能量系统的影响;结果:SLRT在抗阻训练中同时增加肌肉的大小、力量和耐力,在有氧和无氧代谢系统的训练当中同时增加最大无氧功率、无氧能力和有氧能力。     

Delay-independent stabilization of linear systems with time-varying delayed state and uncertainties

The problem of robust stabilization for a class of dynamic systems with time-varying state delay as well as parametric and input uncertainties is considered in this paper. Several delay-independent stabilizability criteria and memoryless state feedback controllers are presented to guarantee the asymptotic stability of the closed-loop uncertain time-delay systems. It is shown that if all uncertainties and delay terms are matched, then the mentioned systems can always be stabilized, or can be stabilized with a specified decaying rate.     

FCM聚类算法的改进

模糊C均值(FCM)算法广泛地应用于模式识别、图像分割等领域。根据FCM算法存在对初始解敏感且迭代过程中计算量大的问题,本文提出了一种改进的算法:先通过精简数据集,减少算法迭代的时间;再使用密度函数法得到FCM算法的初始聚类中心,以减少FCM算法收敛所需的迭代次数。实验结果表明,改进后的算法较好地解决了类中心的初值化问题,提高了算法的收敛速度和运行效率。     

循环农业中的农户减量化投入行为分析——基于晋、鲁、鄂三省的化肥投入调查

实现农业自然资源的节约和循环利用,提高农业的经济效益和生态效益是循环农业的基本要求,也是我国农业发展的必然方向。基于农户经济学的视角,以山东、山西、湖北三省的农户化肥投入为例,通过建立计量经济模型,研究循环农业中的农户减量化投入行为及其影响因素。研究结果表明,在只有"增量使用"和"减量使用"化肥两种选择下,大部分农户倾向于减量使用化肥;此外,农业生产决策者性别、家庭耕地面积、农户对循环农业的认知程度、政府技术支持力度等因素对农户的施肥行为均有显著影响。为了进一步激励农户在生产过程中减量使用生产资料,提出了重视对农业生产大户和妇女引导、提高农户对循环农业的认知程度、加强政府技术支持力度等政策建议。     

Co3O4／CeO2催化剂的TPR研究

用ＴＲＰ技术考察了不同负载量及不同焙烧温度的Ｃｏ３Ｏ４／ＣｅＯ２催化剂的还原性能和还原催化剂的再氧化性能．结果表明,Ｃｏ３Ｏ４／ＣｅＯ２催化剂有４个还原峰（α１、α２、γ１、γ２）,α１、α２还原峰归属为分散在ＣｅＯ２表面与ＣｅＯ２发生相互作用的氧化钴的还原,γ１、γ２归属为晶相氧化钴的还原,随着焙烧温度升高,α１、α２峰消失．Ｃｏ３Ｏ４／ＣｅＯ２催化剂经还原后,α２物种最易氧化,其次是γ１物种,γ２物种最难被氧化．     

粗糙集理论在数据挖掘中的应用

粗糙集理论是一种处理不确定和不精确问题的新型数学工具,为数据挖掘提供了一条崭新的途径。本文阐述了粗糙集理论及其在数据挖掘中的应用。     

Organizational role ambiguity as a proxy for uncertainty avoidance

Despite studies’ mixed results regarding the construct validity of Hofstede’s (2001) Uncertainty Avoidance (UA) Index and findings linking UA to related psychological, physiological, and behavioral health outcomes at the cultural level of analysis, none have examined the concurrent criterion-related validity of UA. The current study attempts to do so by introducing organizational role ambiguity (ORA), operationalized as an organization’s structured communication strategy about performance expectations between work role, division, and organization, as a correlate of UA. Data on ORA, risk-taking, and organizational satisfaction were collected from over 15,000 respondents in 20 countries and data on cultural values, wealth, sources of guidance, personality, and satisfaction were extracted from published data. Results show that ORA negatively correlates with UA and intellectual autonomy values, as well as organizational satisfaction, but positively correlates with risk-taking, masculinity values, lateral (coworkers as) sources of guidance, agreeableness, and job satisfaction. Thus, ORA, a construct organizations often assess in engagement and climate surveys, appears to be a reasonable correlate of UA. The country’s cultural context of UA is reflected in the collective experience of an organization’s communication structures within a given country. These findings have implications for organization’s accessing their own, already available, ORA data to understand its implications on employee experiences, as well as for intercultural training and global research on occupational stress.     

产业结构、碳权市场与技术创新对各省区碳减排效率的影响

从驱动因素和制动因素两个方面建立了碳减排效率影响因素框架并进行理论分析,运用面板数据模型构建了影响碳减排效率的制动因素模型,收集我国30个地区2011年至2016年相关数据,选取合理指标,实证分析了产业结构、碳权市场、技术创新对碳减排效率的影响。依照分析结论,进一步测算出各地区能源效率,继而得出不同地区的二氧化碳减排潜力、节能空间以及减排空间。引入碳排放退耦概念,测算我国各地区四个阶段退耦指数并分析退耦程度变化。结果表明：（1）产业结构较大程度影响碳减排效率,第二产业比重的增加会增大碳排放量变动率,降低碳减排效率,而碳权市场的设立以及技术创新能力能够有效提高碳减排效率;（2）我国各地区能源效率存在不均衡问题,仍具有较大的碳减排潜力、节能和减排空间;（3）各地区不同阶段的退耦指数差异较大,但退耦程度逐年加强,同时减排空间逐渐减小,说明经济增长与减排压力之间总体趋于缓和。     

Developing a thirst for knowledge: How uncertainty in the classroom influences curiosity,affect, learning,and transfer

Uncertainty is a key variable in fostering curiosity, which, in turn, is associated with learning. Yet, research in educational contexts rarely takes uncertainty into account, and rarely explores uncertainty and curiosity in the context of complex instructional activities. One concern with uncertainty is that it can provoke negative affect. Providing learners with expectations of future uncertainty may attenuate their feelings of negative affect. In a study with 138 middle school students learning physics concepts, we examined the relationship between uncertainty, curiosity, learning, transfer, and affect. Some students were given an inherently uncertain form of instruction, called Invention, in which information on how to solve the problem was initially withheld, while others were given direct instruction with all the necessary information to solve similar problems beforehand (No Uncertainty condition). Some of the students receiving uncertain instruction were given expectations about feeling uncertain (Expected Uncertainty condition), and some were not (Unexpected Uncertainty condition). Students in the unexpected uncertainty condition were the most curious, while students in the no uncertainty condition were the least curious. However, giving expectations of uncertainty reduced students’ negative affect. All groups learned the content equally well, but the expected and unexpected uncertainty groups exhibited greater transfer. Further, positive affect predicted learning, above and beyond condition, and curiosity predicted transfer, but not above and beyond condition. This study extends existing research on uncertainty and curiosity by studying these constructs in real classrooms, in the context of an exploratory learning paradigm, and by considering curiosity’s effect on transfer, rather than just learning. This work also demonstrates a practical approach for educators to foster students’ curiosity and transfer.