气候变化对地表水资源可利用量影响的不确定性分析

气候变化影响的研究成果在水工程设计和水资源规划管理中的直接应用和推广面临不确定性问题的挑战.本文以汉江上游流域为例,对比分析了气候变化对河川径流影响的研究成果,指出没有考虑气候变化对流域下垫面条件的影响是导致径流量预测存在不确定性的主要因素之一.根据气候变化对径流量影响的研究成果,采用扣损失法计算汉江上游流域的地表水资源可利用量,通过对比分析发现,由于没有考虑气候变化对生态需水、汛期洪水等因素的影响,使得气候变化对地表水资源可利用量影响的评价也存在较大的不确定性.因此,针对主要涉及的气候要素模拟的可靠性,以及对径流影响因素和相关规划要素对气候变化的响应进行全面评价,是水工程设计和水资源规划管理中应用气候变化研究成果的重要保障.     

风险、不确定性与利润以及企业组织--奈特理论介评

本文是对弗兰克.奈特的《风险、不确定性与利润》理论的介绍和评述。竞争性均衡条件下是否存在利润,是新古典经济学与质疑者争论的焦点。奈特创新性地引入了“不确定性”概念,通过对风险与不确定性的区别,论证了长期均衡条件下利润的存在。奈特的这种论证,第一讨论了企业组织以及企业家出现的原因;第二回归了斯密论述分工对人类福祉的作用。     

基于变精度粗糙集的属性约简

属性约简是粗糙集理论的核心内容之一。针对变精度粗糙集理论的属性约简问题,从属性依赖度增量、互信息增量角度对属性重要度进行分析,并以这两个属性重要度的度量作为启发式信息,给出变精度粗糙集属性约简的启发式算法。最后,通过具体算例说明所给算法的有效性和实用性。     

卡诺图在软件复杂分支条件简化中的应用

举例介绍了一种使用卡诺图对多变量多分支条件的复杂逻辑式同时进行简化,有效解决多分支条件等效简化、验证多分支条件间是否相互交叉或覆盖全面的方法。结合if-else语句特点,还能更大程度地简化分支条件。     

Facework in Syria and the United States: A cross-cultural comparison

“The first rule when communicating with people from the Arab world is not to let them lose face” said J. Al-Omari. Face or one's social identity is cultural. A face threat is a situation which threatens to create a loss of face. When experiencing face-threats people guard their face with facework – behavioral actions enacted to protect one's face. Since facework varies across cultures, this study analyzed how cultural collectivism, power distance, masculinity, and uncertainty avoidance influence direct, indirect, competitive, cooperative, hostile, and ritualistic facework in Syria and the United States, employing a MANCOVA design with gender as the covariate. Significant findings (n = 336) showed that: (a) US Americans reported using more direct, competitive, and hostile facework strategies than Syrians while (b) Syrians reported using more indirect, cooperative and ritualistic facework strategies than US Americans (c) US American facework strategies corresponded to individualistic, weak power distance, masculine, and low uncertainty avoidance cultural dimensions while Syrian facework corresponded to collectivistic, high-power distance, moderately masculine, and high uncertainty avoidance and (d) VSM 94 results showed Syria to be more individualistic than Hofstede's original rankings.     

Addressing the effect of concern with COVID-19 threat on prejudice towards immigrants: The sequential mediating role of need for cognitive closure and desire for cultural tightness

The link between threat and anti-immigrant prejudice is well-established. Relatedly, recent research has also shown that situational threats (such as concern with COVID-19 threat) increase anti-immigrant prejudice through the mediating role of desire for cultural tightness. This study aims to further our understanding of the psychological processes underlying the relation between concern with COVID-19 threat and increased negative attitudes towards immigrants by considering the mediational role of an individual epistemic motivation (i.e., the need for cognitive closure). A study was conducted on a large sample of Italian respondents covering all the Italian regions. Findings revealed that high concern with COVID-19 threat led to increased negative attitudes towards immigrants through the sequential mediating role of higher need for cognitive closure, leading in turn to higher desire for cultural tightness. Implications of these findings for a timely contextualized study of anti-immigrant prejudice will be highlighted.     

MNC commitment, OCB role definition and intent to leave in subsidiary top managers: The moderating effect of uncertainty avoidance values

The current paper analyses in depth and expands on the study of the consequences of organisational commitment in the MNC setting. To that end the moderating effect of uncertainty avoidance as a personal cultural value is studied and two consequences of MNC commitment are analysed: intent to leave and organisational citizenship behaviour. The empirical analysis carried out on a cross-organisational sample of 101 top managers of MNC's subsidiaries located in Spain confirms the moderating role of uncertainty avoidance for the affective and normative commitments, as well as its moderating effect on the influence that organisational citizenship behaviour role definition exerts on intent to leave. Implications for management theory and practice are discussed.     

信息检索中“相关性”的概念、类型及其不确定性

从相关性研究的四个历史阶段对相关性研究进行了梳理,进而总结出相关性的各种类型,并对各类型进行归类,在此基础上,从信息检索过程出发,具体分析了各相关性（系统观的相关性、信息观的相关性和情境观的相关性）的不确定性表现。最后,预测相关性研究将朝着系统、信息和用户并重的方向发展。     

从罗兰·巴特的文本阅读理论谈大学英语阅读课教师如何促进学生与文本对话

现代阅读理论认为,任何文本都具有“不确定性”,任何一个文本的问世标志着一个多层面的“召唤性结构”的出现。本文试图从巴特的文本阅读理论出发,去探索阅读的本质,以巴特的“抬头而读”的阅读方法为依据,去探寻大学英语教师该怎样引导学生与文本对话,从而达成真正意义上的“创造性”阅读。     

Relational Uncertainty as a Consequence of Partner Jealousy Expressions

The present study examines how the relational-uncertainty levels of individuals whose partners are jealous (i.e., “jealousy targets”) are predicted by how partners express jealousy. Students and community members completed a questionnaire where they recalled an instance when they were the recipients of their romantic partners' expression of jealousy. In general, jealousy-target relational uncertainty was positively predicted by a majority of negative and general behavioral partner jealousy expressions. However, positive partner jealousy expressions were not generally associated with jealousy-target relational uncertainty. Implications for the theoretical understanding of relational uncertainty and consequences of partner jealousy expression are discussed.