试论胡塞尔现象学方法的四重含义

作为20世纪最有影响的哲学流派之一的现象学,其独特的核心就是它的方法;而作为"严格科学的哲学"和"具有中立性和道路可能性"的现象学的方法,又具有多重含义。但其中最基本的含义有四个方面,即:"现象学的直观"、"现象学的还原"、"现象学的意向分析"和"现象学生活世界的观念"。     

Information-Seeking From Organizational Communication Sources During Healthcare Technology Change

This study collects survey data (n = 345) from a healthcare organization in the early stages of electronic health record (EHR) implementation to understand how a series of organizational communication sources—managers, coworkers, IT personnel, and online organizational sources—impact healthcare employees’ (a) EHR resistance and (b) perceptions of EHR’s relative advantage. Regression results reveal that the levels of EHR information employees sought from coworkers did not predict EHR resistance or perceived relative advantage. Seeking information from managerial sources enhances EHR’s perceived relative advantage and decreases affective EHR resistance but is not related to behavioral or cognitive EHR resistance. Seeking information from IT staff decreased all types of EHR resistance and increased EHR’s perceived relative advantage. Finally, seeking information from online organizational sources increased EHR’s perceived relative advantage and decreased behavioral and cognitive resistance but is not related to affective EHR resistance. Study implications and limitations are offered.     

Science Letters:Effect of nitrogen doping on the reduction of nitric oxide with activated carbon in the presence of oxygen

Nitrogen doping of activated carbon (AC) was performed by annealing both in ammonia and nitric oxide, and the activities of the modified carbons for NO reduction were studied in the presence of oxygen. Results show that nitrogen atoms were incorporated into the carbons, mostly in the form of pyridinic nitrogen or pyridonic nitrogen. The effect of nitrogen doping on the activities of the carbons can be ignored when oxygen is absent, but the doped carbons show desirable activities in the low temperature regime (≤500 ℃) when oxygen is present. The role of the surface nitrogen species is suggested to promote the formation of NO2 in the presence of oxygen, and NO2 can facilitate decomposition of the surface oxygen species in the low temperature regime.     

The evolution of knowledge: beyond the biological model

The analysis of the evolution of knowledge is distinguished from standard economics and neoDarwinian biology; it combines purpose with the impossibility of empirical proof. Adam Smith’s psychological theory includes motivation, aesthetics, invention, diffusion, renewed search, the speciation of knowledge and the division of labour. Knightian uncertainty gives rise to both routines and imagination; variation and selection require a baseline. Organisation and institutions, both of which entail selective connections, aid knowledge, and knowledge consists of conjectured connections, open to refutation. Modern biological ideas about cognition provide an appropriate basis for this analysis, but do not encompass it.     

On the value of project safeguards: Embedding real options in complex products and systems

This study defines a project safeguard as the design and physical development work needed to ensure, or enhance, the embedding of a real option in complex products and systems (CoPS). Safeguards operationalize optionlike strategic thinking at implementation. I examine safeguarding investments through an in-depth multiple-case study of 12 options embedded across 5 projects encompassed by an airport expansion programme. This includes options to phase out delivery (stage-option), grow capacity (growth-option), and switch operational regime (switch-option). Passive safeguards only involve design work, whereas active safeguards involve both design and physical execution. The analysis shows how the confluence between the uncertainty of option exercising and the modularity of the relevant functional elements in relation to the CoPS architecture affects the attractiveness of safeguarding. High uncertainty makes safeguarding less attractive as it can lead to sunk costs that may not pay off over the CoPS operating life. Conversely, high modularity increases the attractiveness of safeguarding because (1) safeguards can be limited to marginal investments at the interfaces between the functional elements with other CoPS subsystems, and (2) the stability of modular design rules increases the likelihood that safeguards remain valid over time. Safeguards build options into integrative CoPS. This flexibility and redundancy makes them resilient to change stemming from option exercising if uncertainties resolve favourably in the future.     

IDS中的数据挖掘技术和攻击的不确定性

现代网络入侵检测系统(Intrusion Detection System)已经取得了极大的进展,数据挖掘(data mining)技术在计算机安全领域中的应用进一步推动了IDS的发展。将入侵检测系统中的攻击程度进行分类,并利用数据挖掘技术在入侵检测系统中加以应用是有必要的。利用这种划分能够对攻击行为的不确定性进行描述,也可以让用户对入侵行为进行灵活的调整。     

"交换物质影响化学平衡移动"的教材初稿

以交换物质数量ni为自变数推演了各种浓度形式的平衡状态变化的微分关系和积分关系;干扰物种可分为:参与反应物i和惰性气体。     

普朗克的还原思想分析

通常认为,普朗克提出的量子概念标志了物理世界的一种非连续性,由此导致了一场巨大的科学革命。但缔造这一革命的关键人物——普朗克同样具有深厚的还原思想。     

校准曲线法的不确定度评定

本文以二苯碳酰二肼分光光度法测定水中六价铬为例,阐述校准曲线法不确定度评定与表示的理论,分析了不确定度的主要来源,评定了不确定度分量及总不确定度,为使用校准曲线法这一类型的不确定度分析和计算提供参考.     

建立“中国安全减灾及应急体系”势在必行

文章简介了国际民事安全减灾及应急体系近年概况,阐述了我国从国家层面到各省市社会安全减灾及应急工作现状,指出这一领域存在的问题并提出建议(1)设立国家高层专门机构,管理并制定战略、方针及政策;(2)整合各部委、各省市本领域的人力和资源;(3)集中科技力量,建设现代中国安全减灾及应急体系.