论利益集团在美国政治中的作用

美国的政治被称为利益集团政治.利益集团在参与政策制定,缓和社会矛盾,维护社会稳定,协调政党分歧,弥补地区政治的不足等方面起了巨大的作用.但是,利益集团谋取的只是自身的局部利益,具有很大的狭隘性.     

弱势群体政治参与的体制障碍与现实困境

文章在对"弱势群体政治参与"进行简要界定和说明之后,重点探讨了中国社会转型期弱势群体政治参与的体制障碍与现实困境。从而得出如下结论:弱势群体政治参与的体制障碍造成了弱势群体的权利贫困,而权利贫困正是弱势群体政治参与现实困境存在的根本原因。     

Time for review: supporting the work of an advisory group

This paper raises methodological issues about the challenges and dilemmas of inclusive research practices reflecting on the work of an advisory group carrying out research on using Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to enhance community participation. The interests of three parties can be identified – the commissioning agent, the researchers and the researched – and these interplayed throughout the course of the research determining the outcomes. Given the relationship between inclusive research and advocacy, there were particular gains in enabling the voice of the advisory group to shape the way in which the research was conducted and to disseminate the findings both within the organisation and beyond. However, the fragility of these new structures required organisational changes for the research to be truly empowering. The experience of the group suggests the need for their involvement at all stages of the research process.     

Peer-led focus groups as ‘dialogic spaces’ for exploring young people’s evolving values

ABSTRACT

Although peer-led focus groups are widely used in research with children and young people, surprisingly little has been written that evaluates their methodological appropriateness. Drawing on data from 10 peer-led focus group sessions across 5 international schools, this article demonstrates how focus group discussions around moral and social values, which become more meaningful though the self-reflection provoked in encounters with different experiences and perspectives, can be advantageous for research. Peer-moderators, as both participants and facilitators, run focus groups that open dialogic spaces for exploratory talk that avoids the self-censure and deference that can emerge in the presence of an adult moderator. This is particularly important when participants are structurally disadvantaged and lack similar spaces for collaborative inquiry into their shared experiences. Video capture allows researchers in-depth access to these focus groups after the event, revealing evidentially and pedagogically rich dialogues.     

The Use of Interviews and Focus Groups in Teacher Research

Despite posing a number of benefits, teacher research might be something classroom practitioners avoid engaging in due to inadequate research literacy. Part of this literacy consists of the knowledge and skills required to use popular research methods. Given that teachers might find it useful to read about how their peers have attempted to use such methods in a systematic fashion, this article describes my experience of using interviews and focus groups to better understand students' attitudes, beliefs and practices.     

从荣张企业集团的盛衰看近代中国家族企业

荣张两大企业集团是近代中国家族企业和非家族企业的代表，从它们的兴衰可以看出家族企业明显比非家族企业拥有优势，其表现有四：一是利润分配服从资本积累，企业的内聚力很强；二是投资走向、经营理念更趋于务实而非理想化；三是能够有效控制贪污浪费、官僚习气等管理漏洞，企业内耗小；四是精力注入程度极高，企业家的自我定位明确化。至于家族企业之所以优越，与血缘关系的内部维系作用分不开。当然，血缘关系是一把双刃剑，当制度弱化后它会产生负面影响。另外，家族企业私有化更彻底也是原因之一。需要附带指出的是，我们不能因为家族企业的优势就因此而认定儒家化优越论。     

按照"三个代表"的要求加强高校领导班子思想政治建设

按照"三个代表"的要求,加强高校领导班子思想政治建设尤为重要,为高校改革、发展提供了有力的思想、组织保证.     

为提高中学生物理实验能力搭好台——浅谈中学物理实验室建设中实验员的工作开展

中学实验室的主要任务是搞好实验教学工作.作为一名实验员,在开展实验教学工作的同时,还要不断深入地进行实验教学的研究工作,提高实验效果,从而促进课堂教学质量的提高,并且重视实验室的“软环境”建设.     

谈大学生弱势群体的成因及其对策

高等教育由精英化转向大众化的形势下,高校学生的弱势群体问题日渐突现.这一特殊学生群体的出现,给高等学校的正常教育教学工作带来了影响,同时也给教育工作者提出了一个新的课题.研究高校学生弱势群体的成因,通过研究找出解决高校学生弱势群体问题的对策,从而激励和引导处于弱势的学生树立正确的人生观和世界观,对自己的人生价值重新定位,建立自信,逐步从阴影中走出来,这对于高校的稳定乃至整个社会的稳定都有着重要意义.     

The achievement of indigenous students in Guatemalan primary schools

This paper analyses the difference in academic achievement between indigenous and nonindigenous children that attend rural primary schools in Guatemala. The gap ranges between 0.8 and 1 standard deviation in Spanish, and approximately half that in Mathematics. A decomposition procedure suggests that a relatively small portion of the achievement gap is explained by differences in the socioeconomic status of indigenous and nonindigenous families. Other results are consistent with the notion that school attributes play an important role in explaining the achievement gap. The paper discusses several explanations—such as the lack of bilingual education—that are consistent with the empirical findings.