Playing on the Field of Social and Technical Innovation: The Impact of the Sale of Lawn Tennis Sets in the Netherlands, 1874–1887

In 1874, after tennis had been played indoors for centuries, British officer Walter Wingfield introduced an open-air version of the game, which he called sphairistike or lawn tennis. He developed a lawn-tennis box that was easy to carry and that contained all the necessary equipment for playing. Wingfield's concept was innovative, not only technologically in both game and design, but also socially. He made it clear, for instance, that lawn tennis was also intended for ladies and he fabricated lighter rackets for women. Little is known, however, about the introduction of lawn tennis in the Netherlands. Our study reveals that the strong sales and marketing concept of Wingfield – and his competitors – also facilitated a quick diffusion of the game in the Netherlands. The first places where lawn tennis was played were estates owned by nobility, seaside resorts such as Domburg and Noordwijk, attracting well-to-do ‘Brits’ for recreational purposes, and – interestingly – also farms. Soon, the first ‘one box clubs’ arose as precursors of the formally established clubs. For most upper-class players, tennis was a leisure-time activity, yet the organization of the first national tennis tournament in 1887 shows that some already had lucrative business models in mind.     

《喧嚣与骚动》之绵延解读

威廉·福克纳的《喧嚣与骚动》打破了传统的以钟表时间为顺序的情节构思,转向了对人物时间意识的挖掘。小说安排了四个不同的叙述者即康普森三兄弟：班吉、昆丁和杰生以及黑人女仆迪尔西。康普森三兄弟从不同的角度讲述了同一个故事,透露出他们不断变化的时间意识：班吉只看到现在,昆丁却停留于过去,而杰生只在乎眼前和不久的将来。     

圣殿的坍塌——论《圣殿》的主题及其解释

《圣殿》同W．C．福克纳的其他许多作品一样,描绘的是败坏的现代南方社会场景。小说里各个人物和情节的描写,揭示出（《圣殿》的主题：在物欲横流的社会里,法律不再是主持正义的圣殿,暴力反而主宰了社会,以往的评论把女主角谭波儿视为邪恶的化身,然而深入地研究表明,谭波儿是邪恶的受害者,而衰败的社会是邪恶和悲剧的根源。     

盖洛昭通印象及其文化价值

威廉.盖洛是20世纪初西方颇负盛名的美国旅行家和英国皇家地理学会会员。1903年他从上海启程,沿长江到重庆,然后步行到达昭通。在他的游记和镜头下,对昭通百年前的城墙、城市街道、寺庙状况、信仰习俗以及外国人在昭通的活动等等,都有生动的揭示,篇幅虽然不长,数量虽然不多,但也因此显得更加珍贵,保存了地方史志中难以见到的生活影像,充满浓厚的生活气息。尤其是百年后当中国社会翻天覆地、城市面貌也早已面目全非以后,这些细节就变得格外重要,也使其游记别有一种特殊的价值。     

TOP SECRET

Godard has consistently voiced his disapproval of Spielberg's Schindler's List. Critics have noted this antipathy yet there is currently no detailed analysis of Godard Godard, Jean-Luc and Youssef, Ishaghpour. 2005. Cinema: The Archeology of Film and the Memory of a Century. Trans. JOHN HOWE, New York: Oberg.  [Google Scholar]'s specific objections. This article attempts to remedy this omission. In the first half, the author focuses on the motivation and logic that underpin Spielberg's film, paying particular attention to the qualms expressed in Godard's Éloge de l'amour over the moral and philosophical dubiousness of employing witness testimony as a means of recreating the past in the present. Then, in the second half, the author analyses the politics of identification in a selection of Godard's films to argue that Schindler's List is made ethically palatable for mainstream audiences through the use of manipulative erotic imagery. There, two critiques are brought together to suggest that Godard's primary objection to Schindler's List is that it constitutes an uplifting consideration of the Shoah that precludes a more serious rumination on an event that ruptures the histories of both the cinema and the twentieth century.     

威廉·汤姆生对物理学的贡献

介绍了威廉·汤姆生的主要科学活动 ,及其对物理科学的形成和发展做出的贡献 .     

莎士比亚与英国民族身份认同

传统文学研究认为,莎士比亚是英国文坛不可逾越的丰碑,其作品具有普适性和纯艺术性。事实上,莎士比亚的神圣化与英国民族意识的形成、帝国意识的兴起与后帝国时代民族身份的失落等密不可分,其间蕴含着复杂的文化权利关系和深刻的意识形态意蕴。     

忧郁的愉悦中再生与感伤的豁达中升华——威廉·布莱恩特与克里斯蒂娜·罗塞蒂死亡诗的比较研究

素有＂美国的华兹华斯＂之称的威廉·布莱恩特是美国19世纪杰出的浪漫主义诗人,他的作品笔触细腻,意象丰富。而年小他30多岁的克里斯蒂娜.罗塞蒂则是英国维多利亚时期一位具有传奇色彩的女诗人,凭借机敏的触觉和甜美的抒情,她创作出许多音韵和谐、雅致动人的诗篇。通过对两位诗人的死亡诗在情调变换、抒情对象、意象运用及主题表达等方面的对比研究发现,在布莱恩特的死亡诗里,灵魂在愉悦的忧郁中再生;而在罗塞蒂的作品中,自我则在感伤的豁达中得以升华。     

Mutual Respect and Civic Education

Contemporary theories of civic education frequently appeal to an ideal of mutual respect in the context of ethical, ethical and religious disagreement. This paper critically examines two recently popular criticisms of this ideal. The first, coming from a postmodern direction, charges that the ideal is hypocritical in its effort to be maximally impartial and fair. The second, which I associate with such 'new atheists' as Sam Harris and Richard Dawkins, argues that notions of mutual respect pose a threat to such basic goals of education as the cultivation of critical thinking.     

解读福克纳短篇小说《殉葬》的文化并置

福克纳的短篇小说《殉葬》（Red Leaves）并置了三种文化：印第安文化,西方文化与黑人文化,使得小说蕴含了丰富的象征意义,充满张力。本文通过释读小说中文化并置的象征意义,揭示小说蕴含的多重主题。这对于研究福克纳的作品主题与创作心理有重要意义。