Measuring Attitudinal Change in Mathematics and English Over the 1st Year of Junior High School: A Multidimensional Analysis

Changes in student self- and task evaluations, subjective valuation, and achievement behavior in mathematics and English over the 1st year of junior high form the basis of this study. The transition to junior high has been found to negatively affect students' self-concept and subjective valuation in mathematics and English, but previous research has not addressed changes in task evaluations and achievement behaviors. Gender and level of academic achievement effects are also relevant to the nature of changes in student attitudes. The participants (N =400) were from 3 coeducational Australian government schools in metropolitan Sydney of comparable socioeconomic status. When changes in perceptions occurred, they were negative, and gender differences favored boys in mathematics and girls in English. However, the nature and extent of change was dependent on school and level of achievement.     

An Ethical Exercise for the Social Studies Classroom: The Trolley Dilemma

The Trolley Problem as defined in this paper is a series, or continuation, of increasingly difficult ethical riddles successfully implemented in a classroom environment to spur complex, critical thinking and dialogue. The activity is designed upon the scenario of a runaway train with different and challenging choices, segueing neatly into group discussions of ethics while limiting potential disruptions or controversies. It fits nicely with multiple standards, goals and/or outcomes and can be accommodated to multiple grade levels and courses. It is a powerful, yet easily implemented classroom exercise for educators to develop higher order thinking and dialogue for their students.     

Teachers reflecting on their work: articulating what is said about what is done

Teachers' written reflections on their work, which report on a change in their practice, were the object of this research. Taking teachers' articulation of their plans and actions in teacher journals as our source, this study's aim is twofold: (1) to describe how teacher reflect in a self‐initiated and non‐framed way on their own practice, and (2) to review teacher self generated reflections in reference to models of reflection. In this way, we tried to disclose what precisely teachers write (said) when reflecting on their work (did) in order to appreciate their way of describing what matters in their work; and position this in reference to models that conceptualise (“talk”) on how to actualise (‘walk’) reflection. This ‘double’ articulation of reflection is gauged in two ways, i.e., on: a) completeness, that is, whether it includes relevant components of reflection (models) to be found in the literature, and on b) recursiveness, that is, whether the written account gives evidence of an integrated cyclical, i.e., recursive process of re‐view, which appraises and looks back on what has been accomplished.

The results show that teachers do not work along the lines identified in current reflection models (i.e. providing clear problem definition, searching for evidence, planning for change, and reviewing plans). Instead, many teachers use a narrative and valuing appraisal of their accomplishments; not so much cautiously reviewing their actions but prospectively commenting on plans and solutions for future action. The data lead us to be cautious about the prominence of reflection models as advocated in the literature to be applied to teachers' written accounts of their practice.     

The social studies methods course: what do teacher candidates know and want to know about teaching social studies?

During the past decade, there has been more than an adequate amount of research addressing issues regarding social studies methods courses. However, the apparent void is that there is no clear understanding of what pedagogical content knowledge or understanding of pedagogical approaches teacher candidates bring with them to social studies methods courses or what they expect from their time in social studies methods courses. The purpose of this study is to determine the mentality of the typical social studies methods course student, as he or she enters a social studies methods course. Employing analytic induction (Bogdan & Biklen, 2007 Bogdan, R. C. and Biklen, S. K. 2007. Qualitative research for education: An introduction to theory and methods , (5th ed.), Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.  [Google Scholar]; Erikson, 1986 Erikson, F. 1986. “Qualitative methods in research on teaching”. In Handbook of research on teaching , (3rd ed.,, Edited by: Wittrock, M. C. 119–161. New York, NY: Macmillan.  [Google Scholar]; Patton, 2002 Patton, M. Q. 2002. Qualitative research & evaluation methods , (3rd ed.), Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.  [Google Scholar]) and content analysis (Patton, 2002 Patton, M. Q. 2002. Qualitative research & evaluation methods , (3rd ed.), Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.  [Google Scholar]) to analyze and interpret the data, 9 categories for what the students know and 8 for what the students wanted to know were constructed.     

促进产学合作政策工具:英、美与中国比较研究

随着社会经济的发展,如何充分运用大学产生的知识基础,以促进产业创新与经济竞争力,成为当今政府的当务之急,而产学合作也成为创新政策工具中最主要的一环。本文针对各国政府所推动的各项产学合作方案,分析其对体制上、合作动机、合作障碍、合作机制运用的影响与实施成果。以个案研讨的方式,比较分析英国、美国产学合作的各项政策工具与方案的成效,并对我国的产学研合作政策提出相关建议。     

关于图书馆学的解释学研究

图书馆学是以社会系统中图书馆事业为研究对象的学科,是对图书馆现象的本质、内在联系、社会功能、发展规律等方面认识成果的系统化和理论化。这种系统化和理论化过程就是对研究对象的理解与解释过程。理解与解释的关系是图书馆学研究的基本关系。解释学的基本理论、方法的引入为图书馆学研究带来新的活力。"理解与解释"的本体论、认识论和方法论的一致和辩证统一,是自然科学与人文、社会科学方法论的重要思想,也是图书馆学方法论的重要思想和原则。这三个层次构成图书馆学解释的宏观结构。     

美国儿童社会领域教育中历史资源的选择与运用

在美国儿童社会领域教育中,融入历史学科知识的价值在于帮助儿童了解事物的发展性、变化性和联系性;选择历史内容的准则是以儿童的兴趣爱好为基础,并加以强化;实施历史教育的策略是考虑儿童的知识经验,挖掘家庭和社区资源,开展多种形式的活动.     

自学教学模式在生物教学中的应用

在“学生自学———提出疑问———教师讲解———学生评价”教学模式中,强调以学生为中心是教学中的主体。在学习过程中,发挥学生的主动性,充分体现学生的首创精神和解决问题的能力,教师在这一过程中起促进辅助作用,充分掌握和应用理论基础,帮助学生克服困难,让学生学会学习。在学习过程中,构建一种良好的全新的教学模式。     

海峡两岸古籍整理学术交流之我见我思

海峡两岸古籍整理学术交流之我见我思金恩辉ＡＢＳＴＲＡＣＴＢｏｔｈｓｉｄｅｓｏｆｔｈｅＴａｉｗａｎＳｔｒａｉｔｈａｖｅａｃｏｍｍｏｎｎａｔｉｏｎａｌｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌｔｒａｄｉｔｉｏｎ．ＩｎＡｐｒｉｌ１９９６,ａｃｏｎｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｏｎｔｈｅａｒｒａｎｇ...     

是杜参还是富参——《七略》、《别录》研究一得

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