从青春期角度透视霍尔顿的边缘性特征--论《麦田里的守望者》中的霍尔顿

《麦田里的守望者》之所以经典在于作者成功刻画了一个青春期少年的形象，并关注到了一个前人很少给予关注的群体，而理解小说主人公的身份是解读这部小说主人公形象的关键。因此，在对小说主人公特定身份加以明确的基础上，从小说主人公的社会身份出发，可以更进一步阐述和分析主人公的性格特征。     

‘Sticks and stones': masculinities and conflict spaces

Drawing upon a post-structural ethnography of boys’ constructions of gendered and sexual identities in one South African high school, this paper empirically seeks to theorise how 20 Grade 8 boys, identified as The Jokers, The Achievers, The Outcasts and The Average Ou's, simultaneously seek out spaces in male peer culture to cultivate, police and challenge hegemonic notions of masculinity. The paper illustrates the construction and positioning of masculinities across spaces of conflict, more particularly, the personal and social resources reproduced by boys in the pursuit of ‘desirable’ masculinities across experiences of interpersonal conflict, punishment, friendship and play. Given the nature of these identity struggles in school boy peer culture, this paper highlights the need for fostering and maintaining peer conversational spaces where boys and girls are challenged to actively deconstruct prevailing gendered identities and work towards more expansive definitions of self.     

Longitudinal inter-relations between school cultural socialization and school engagement: The mediating role of school climate

The question of whether schools should promote cultural pride and engage students in ethnic traditions is hotly contested. To contribute to this debate, this longitudinal study examined whether school cultural socialization predicted adolescents' engagement in school over time and whether this relation was mediated by school climate. Data were collected in four waves during a two-year period from 254 African American fifth-graders (53.9% males; M_age = 10.95 at Wave 1) enrolled in three public middle schools. Results revealed that African American youth who reported more school cultural socialization also had greater school engagement over time. This longitudinal relation was fully mediated by youth's perceptions of school climate. Implications for how to promote African American youth's perceptions of schools as culturally sensitive and supportive environments are discussed.     

青春期女生运动处方的设计

青春期是生长发育的重要时期。为了使女生在青春期内健康成长,运用文献资料法、归纳法等,对青春期女生该如何有针对性地进行体育锻炼进行探讨。结果表明:在此阶段合理的运动锻炼将起到促进身高、增加骨量、保持适当的体重等良好的作用。并在此基础上制定了一些有效的运动处方。     

青春期性教育亟待实施

青春期青少年普遍存在性发育迅速成熟与性心理相对幼稚的矛盾,但由于性无知带来一系列的心理困惑而造成一定的心理问题,甚至会导致性犯罪.因此,应把性教育作为青春期教育的核心,并通过切实有力的措施,帮助青少年正确的认识、对待青春期的性生理、性心理问题,使青少年能够顺利地度过青春期.     

The decline of academic motivation during adolescence: an accelerated longitudinal cohort analysis on the effect of psychological need satisfaction

Adolescents typically exhibit a marked decline in academic intrinsic motivation throughout their school careers. Following self-determination theory, it is hypothesised that traditional school environments insufficiently satisfy three basic psychological needs of youths during maturation, namely the needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness. As a consequence, insufficient need satisfaction might account for the decline in intrinsic academic motivation during adolescence. This hypothesis was tested in an accelerated longitudinal cohort design on N = 600 students (286 girls) between 11 and 16 years of age. The results showed that students exhibited a marked decline in intrinsic motivation during adolescence. Moreover, differences in need satisfaction predicted the decline in motivations. These results support the notion that an adequate satisfaction of three basic psychological needs in school is crucial for the maintenance of intrinsic academic motivation during adolescence.     

论青少年性教育体系的构建

青少年性教育是一项复杂的社会系统工程,有必要建立一个全国范围内进行统一规划、协调的体制。青少年性教育体系包括观念层面和运作层面两个有机部分:就观念层面而言,应该注重准确定位,形成共识,改变传统的狭隘的性观念,建立适合我国国情的性学理念;就运作层面而言,应该建立一个政府、传媒等机构和学校、家庭通力配合,和谐运作的教育实施机制。     

Don’t Love No Fight: Healing and Identity Among Urban Youth

A neighborhood in Philadelphia, PA, hard hit by violence, approached the local chapter of Physicians for Social Responsibility on behalf of its youth. The chapter responded by developing a psychosocial after-school intervention for early adolescent males, which participants named Peaceful Posse. Youth showed up consistently for the groups, after school and on their own, sometimes for years. Yet the program recognized that there was a great deal not fully understood about the lives of its participants. The present study used a careful analysis of individual interviews conducted with a sample of boys to extend the program’s understanding. Including the perspectives of these participants offered a deeper appreciation of the challenges youth face when exposed to chronic violence and of their resourcefulness at finding relationships to help themselves through these challenges. Their perspectives helped the program to broaden its understanding of healing. The key role of identity as an embodiment of the hopes of the young men helped the program to better appreciate this particularly important locus of healing for urban youth exposed to violence.Michael C. Reichert is the Executive Director of the Center for the Study of Boys’ Lives, Haverford, USA. Brett Stoudt is a Senior Research Associate in Center for the Study of Boys’ Lives, Haverford, USA. Peter Kuriloff is a Professor in Graduate School of Education, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.     

浅析初中生的"怨恨情结"

初中生开始进入青春期，其身体和心理的发育，发展正发生着特殊而又深刻的变化。初中生在对事物和事件的认知和评价方面与成人存在着比较大的差距。认识上的矛盾在内心沉淀下来，经过不断的强化而形成“怨恨情结”。如果不早发现、早解决，就会对教师的教学和学生的学习产生消极影响，贻误初中生的发展。