Positive youth development and gender differences in high performance sport

ABSTRACT

We examined positive youth development within a high performance sport environment. Youth football players (N = 455; Males = 315; Females = 140) completed a range of questionnaires including: the Youth Experiences Survey for Sport; Self-Confidence subscale of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory–2 Revised; Sport Competence Inventory; Prosocial and Antisocial Behaviour in Sport Scale; and the modified Coach-Athlete Relationship questionnaire. The players reported a relatively high level of self-confidence, competence and positive youth experiences. They felt a strong coach-athlete relationship and displayed higher levels of prosocial than antisocial behaviour. Males scored significantly higher than females on self-confidence, perceived self-competence, antisocial behaviour to teammates and opponents, relationship with their coach, and cognitive skills. Findings suggest a relationship between high performance sport environments and positive youth development.     

Gender differences in adolescents’ academic motivation and classroom behaviour

The present study investigated gender differences in adolescents’ academic motivation and classroom behaviour and gender differences in the extent to which motivation was associated with, and predicted, classroom behaviour. Seven hundred and fifty students (384 boys and 366 girls) aged 11–16 (M age?=?14.0, 1.59 SD) completed a questionnaire examining academic motivation and teachers completed assessments of their classroom behaviour. Girls generally reported higher levels of academic motivation, whilst teacher reports of behaviour were poorer for boys. Interestingly, boys’ reported levels of academic motivation were significantly more closely associated with teacher reports of their classroom behaviour. Furthermore, cognitive aspects of boys’ motivation were better predictors of their classroom behaviour than behavioural aspects. On the other hand, behavioural aspects of girls’ motivation were better predictors of their behaviour. Implications for understanding the relationship between motivation and behaviour among adolescent boys and girls are discussed, in addition to interventions aimed at improving adolescents’ classroom behaviour.     

Disturbing the Peace: The Function of Young Adult Literature and the Case of Catherine Atkins' When Jeff Comes Home

Our criticism and evaluation of young adult literature is tempered not only by the scope of our knowledge of adolescent literature in general, but also by our notions of adolescence, itself. Adolescent literature that, in Michael Cart's terminology, shatters the shibboleths of adolescence and adolescent culture, has the potential to re-shape the paradigms that delineate teen culture. Catherine Atkins' When Jeff Comes Home is an example of such revolutionary YA fiction. With When Jeff Comes Home, Atkins not only re-writes and redefines the rape novel for young people, she re-casts the victim role with society's anti-victim—the able-bodied, athletic, upper middle class white male.     

Development of the Overarm Throw: Movement and Ball Velocity Changes by Seventh Grade

Abstract

Children studied longitudinally from kindergarten through second grade were refilmed in seventh grade as they performed 10 trials of the forceful overarm throw. The horizontal ball velocities of the 22 boys and the 17 girls were compared with predictions made when the children were in second grade. The original estimate of an annual rate of change (a “developmental year”) of 5–8 feet/sec/year (1.52–2.44m) remained accurate for the boys; the original estimate for the girls had to be increased to 2–4.5 feet/sec/year (.61–1.37m). While the gap between the sexes increased throughout elementary school, it increased at a slower rate from second to seventh grade than it had during the primary years. By seventh grade, however, the girls were 5 developmental years behind the boys. The data also suggested a difference in the degree to which the sexes maintained their relative positions within their groups: girls appeared more stable than boys across the elementary years. Change was also assessed in the developmental levels exhibited by the children as they threw. The girls' rate of development was 5–6 years behind the boys' rate. Few boys, however, had reached an advanced level in all movement components by seventh grade. Self-reports suggested that the boys had participated in more overarm throwing than had the girls.     

"青春期"学生的发展与班主任工作的创新

“青春期”是学生身心发生巨大变化时期，班主任对“青春期”学生的个性全面发展起着重要作用。班主任要针对“青春期”学生发展的特点，在教育理念，教育内容，教育方法，教育评估等方面有所创新。     

青少年气质类型对其逆反心理的影响研究

采用调查问卷对228名中学生进行调查研究。探讨不同气质类型的青少年的逆反心理的现状及差异以及青少年的气质类型对其逆反心理的影响。研究结果发现,从性别上看,男生在行为逆反上显著高于女生,女生在情绪逆反上则显著高于男生,男女两性在认知逆反方面无显著差异;从年龄上看,初中学生在认知逆反上显著高于高中学生,高中学生在行为逆反上则显著高于初中学生;青少年的抑郁质对其情绪逆反有显著预测作用,胆汁抑郁混合对认知逆反有显著预测作用,胆汁质对行为逆反有显著预测作用,抑郁质和胆汁质对逆反总分具有显著预测作用。     

青春发育突增期不同发育类型学生心脏形态及功能特征

对北京市海淀区五所中学中1987年9月-1988年8月出生的男生457和三所小学中1989年9月至1990年8月出生的女生450人拍摄了X射线骨龄片,并请专家按CHN法对每张骨龄片进行了判别,从中筛选出了男、女生早发育组、正常发育组、晚发育组每组30人,共计180人作为实验对象.采用超声心动图从安静、极限运动即刻、储备情况等几个方面表述不同发育类型学生心血管系统的特征,并对如何促进不同发育类型学生的心血管系统健康发育提出了合理的建议.     

Chunibyo:A Postmodern Lacanian Symptom Happening in Abjected Adolescence

Chunibyo, a new Japanese slang term, which roughly translates to "fourteen sick", usually occurs among middle school students. Most of the"patients"are teenagers, who see themselves as grown adults and believe they have special power. According to Lacan's theory, this symptom would disappear when people enter the symbolic order. However, some remain"sick"even after they have grown up. In this essay, conceptual explanation will be given to this symptom based on the theory of"abjection",while linking Chunibyo to the epistemological process of paranoiac knowledge rooted in Lacan's psychic synthesis. Afterward,Chunibyo will be analyzed in terms of contemporaneity and spatiality. Some effective ways to treat Chunibyo will also be discussed in the last section.     

Results of use of Machines for Testing and for Drill,upon Learning in Educational Psychology

The Work Components Study (WCS) questionnaire is a measure of work motivation with predictive powers as a selection device on a probabilistic basis for industrial managers. This study established the factorial validity and reliability of a modified WCS-the Educational Work Components Study (EWCS) questionnaire. The sample of 745 included 153 senior and forty-two graduate students and 118 administrators and 432 teachers randomly selected from three school districts. The data analyses consisted of varimax orthogonal and maxplane oblique R-factor analysis procedures and Cronbach’s estimate of internal consistency. Instead of sixty-six items and seven prevalent factors in the WCS, fifty-six items and six unidimensional factors paralleling the original instrument were found in the EWCS. The reliabilities of the six factors ranged from .73 to .83. These findings coupled with the strong theoretical foundation of the EWCS indicate a high potential for probing many provocative relationships based on work motivation.     

Instituciones,servicios, centros

Abstract

The present research was conducted to explore the relationship between bullying and parenting styles in an incidental sample of 626 high school students (49.7% girls). The information was collected by means of a self-report questionnaire that contained two instruments: European Bullying Intervention Project Questionnaire and Scale for the assessment of the parenting styles of mothers and fathers of adolescents. The results show statistically significant differences in the perception of parenting styles between the students involved and not involved in bullying and between the different kinds of involvement. Different dimensions of parenting styles are also categorized as being risk or protective factors of bullying involvement. In agreement with the previous research, we have specifically found that perception of parenting styles (especially behavioural control and affection and communication) is significantly related to bullying involvement, especially regarding the role of aggressor.