高校愿景班级建设目标管理模式的行动研究

愿景班级是一种以共同愿景为组织思维灵魂、以学习应变为组织行动特征的学校基层学生学习组织的崭新发展模式,是班级建设与发展的理想状态。共同愿景是内在驱动力,目标管理是外在控制力,将目标管理理论引入愿景班级建设,实现目标管理与共同愿景在理性与感性方面的深度融合,是建设高质量愿景班级的可行性手段。文章从目标设置、目标过程管理、目标测评三个阶段与愿景班级建设的融合方案,创新应用愿景生态系统、成长里程碑、个人最佳档案等手段,对愿景班级建设与目标管理模式融合进行深入分析和探讨。     

The impact of international programs on pedagogical practices of their participants: a Russian experience

International exchange and training programs play a significant role in the development of international cooperation between educators from different nations. More and more teachers and school administrators participate in exchange programs and implement new curricular and instructional practices in their institutions. The objectives of this interpretive exploratory case study were (a) to investigate the impact of international exchange and training programs on pedagogical practices of Russian school teachers and administrators and (b) to find out how participants of international programs apply, implement, and transfer their experiences and knowledge that they obtain during their programs. The data were collected through personal interviews, observations, and materials from several debriefing sessions in 2005. The study demonstrated that the participation in international programs significantly impacts educators’ pedagogical practices, expands the range of their instructional approaches, makes program alumni more culturally sensitive and perceptive, and influences their interpersonal relations in schools, their professional growth, and social status. This research can be of interest to perspective participants of international programs and practitioners who develop and organize international programs for educators.     

城市街头公园复合功能设计研究——以合肥庐阳区森景公园景观规划为例

城市化高速发展,土地资源紧缺,生产用地与生态用地矛盾尖锐,人类活动与生态环境问题突出.在城市土地资源制约下,建设单一绿地城市空间粗放利用模式已不适应社会发展需求.提高城市街头公园利用率,展开城市街头公园复合功能设计是形式所趋,文章从土地利用最佳使用原则出发,归类其特征;以公园复合功能典型特点为依据,组织设计;以合肥庐阳区森景公园景观规划为实例,在城市土地利用最佳使用原则下对城市街头公园复合功能设计研究进行实证.     

Knowledge integration in the shadow of tacit spillovers: Empirical evidence from U.S. R&D labs

Integrating knowledge across a firm's value chain (e.g. between R&D, marketing and manufacturing functions), which we denote “Knowledge Integration” (KI), has been consistently found to be a strong predictor of product innovation performance in the management literature. Such cross-functional integration does not occur by chance, but by design, as a result of managerial practices and organizational arrangements. The significant heterogeneity characterizing the diffusion of cross-functional integration across firms is suggestive of the well-known tension between internal and external diffusion of knowledge. In this paper, we argue that the hidden cost of KI is to expose firms to a higher risk of knowledge leakages and provide the first systematic empirical evidence of this apparent tension between internal and external knowledge flows. Based on data from the CMU Survey (one of the rare datasets offering observables on both sides of the tension for a representative set of R&D active firms in the US), we investigate the impact of knowledge spillovers to competitors on internal cross-functional knowledge integration involving the R&D function among manufacturing firms. We find that the intensity of (tacit) R&D knowledge spillovers at the industry-level has a negative and significant impact on the likelihood that firms adopt or achieve KI. Our results therefore suggest that firms may trade their optimal innovative performance against superior appropriability of their rents.     

Evaluating solutions to the problem of false positives

A current challenge for the scientific community is the choice of appropriate policies to reduce the rate of false positives. Existing proposals differ in whether to prioritize tackling omission through transparency requirements, punishing more severe transgressions, or possibly both. We use a formal model to evaluate these possible solutions. We find that a policy that prohibitively increases the cost of ‘misdemeanor’ types of questionable research practices robustly decreases the overall rate of researcher misconduct, because the rate of ‘felonies’, such as fabrication, also decreases. Therefore proposals that aim to prevent lying by omission by enforcing reporting guidelines are likely to be effective in reducing researcher misconduct, but measures such as government audits (purported to counteract pure fraud) can backfire. Moreover, we find that an increase in the rewards of publication need not increase overall misconduct.     

略论现代装饰画的特点及其表达结构

该文作者从一个理想接受者的角度，比较总结了现代装饰画的特点，并进一步分析出现代装饰画三层不同的表达结构。提出只有全面分析这三层不同的表达结构，才能正确理解现代装饰画的文化艺术内涵。     

重量分析实验中沉淀剂最佳浓度的计算方法

根据分析化学理论课重量分析一章的教学实践,讨论同离子效应和配位效应同时存在时对沉淀溶解度的影响,推导出要使沉淀反应完全,沉淀剂最佳浓度的计算公式。     

泰勒中值定理在一类极限计算中的应用

运用洛必塔法则和等价无穷小替换是计算未定式0/0值的两种常用方法,但在实际问题的处理中,常常遇到不能直接使用洛必塔法则和等价无穷小需要选择的情形。可运用泰勒中值定理,找到最佳替换的等价无穷小,从而弥补了上述两种常用方法的不足,并从理论上给与了解释。