话语标记语在电视访谈中的语境顺应性

话语标记语是电视访谈会话中常见而又容易被忽视的语言现象。以语言顺应论为理论工具分析电视访谈中的话语标记语,可发现它们在顺应语境的过程中主要发挥了四种语用功能,即表明个人态度、阐发前述信息、推进言谈、语用缓和。这些话语标记语是说话人在语言选择过程中顺应语境条件的标记,也是交际者的元语用意识的反映。     

幼儿园主班教师胜任力模型的构建

为了探讨幼儿园主班教师胜任力模型,我们对14名主班教师进行了关键行为事件访谈,对102名主班教师进行了核检表调查,并在此基础上提炼出幼儿园主班教师的8项鉴别胜任特征和6项基准胜任特征,前者包括成就动机、职业偏好、团队合作、发展他人、专业知识和技能、学习能力、服务意识和影响力;后者包括应变能力、诚实正直、团队管理、创新能力、问题解决能力和关系建立。     

预设在政治性访谈中的运用

预设是语言学中一个重要的概念,它不仅是生活中普遍存在的现象,而且在某些特定的领域中起着一定的作用。本文通过对我国记者招待会中出现的一些问答实录片断的分析,发现预设在政治性访谈中被大量运用,优秀的采访者往往会运用预设以便获得更多的信息;同时,巧妙运用预设是交际的艺术之一。文章最后对运用和处理预设提出了一些策略建议。     

Exceptional Scholarship and Democratic Agendas: Interviews with John Goodlad,John Hoyle,Joseph Murphy,and Thomas Sergiovanni

This portraiture study of four exceptional scholars in education – John Goodlad, John Hoyle, Joseph Murphy, and Thomas Sergiovanni – provides insight into their scholarly work and life habits, direction and aspirations, assessment and analysis of major trends in the profession, and advice for aspiring leaders and academics. Telephone interviews with the leading scholars (4) and their referral colleagues (8), in addition to document analysis, validated the following criteria for the selection of exceptional scholarship previously generated via survey respondents (educational leadership professors): The scholar (a) publishes widely, (b) has broad impact, (c) has multiple spheres of influence, and (d) has established mentoring systems. Democratic concepts and agendas for education emerged from the interviews focused on exceptional scholarship, an outcome incorporated within the results.     

北京奥运志愿者的胜任特征模型——情境判断测验的应用

根据北京奥组委志愿者部的选拔需求,运用行为事件访谈技术对3组人员进行访谈。3组人员分别包括奥组委志愿者部的8位官员、北京某高校参加"好运北京"奥运测试赛某项赛事的10名骨干志愿者、北京另一所高校学生志愿者组织的10名骨干成员。通过对现场录音的访谈记录进行内容分析,抽取频次分布处于前8位的北京奥运会志愿者的胜任特征。根据访谈过程中的典型事件,结合情境判断测验的要求,共编制了62道情景判断测验题目。预试选取某高校学生458名,经过项目分析和验证性因素分析,删除10道题目,保留52道题目。正式测验选取某高校学生志愿者候选人3189名,验证性因素分析的结果表明,情境判断测验的信效度良好。所编制的情境判断测验为北京奥运志愿者选拔决策提供了依据,为将情境判断测验引入体育运动领域进行了尝试。所编制的情境判断测验共测查了8方面的胜任特征,分别是责任意识、团队合作、客服意识、自控、主动性、压力应对、应变能力和人际沟通。     

Engaging the Audience in a Digitised Television Production Process

This article discusses producer practices and the reasons why they engage their audience in the production process. In a digitised media context, audiences have become more visible, mainly through social media, and have more means to participate. Our research deconstructs the production process of a particular television programme by means of the “hierarchy of influences” model, which separates micro and macro levels that influence production. It draws on in-depth interviews with all editors of Flemish current affairs programme De Afspraak (The Appointment) and on a three-month participatory observation. We conclude that immersive ways of engaging the audience are applied in our specific case. More broadly, we argue that although practices change, pre-existing norms and values about the television audience remain central to how producers engage their audience through digital and social media.     

Heuristic literacy development and its relation to mathematical achievements of middle school students

The relationships between heuristic literacy development and mathematical achievements of middle school students were explored during a 5-month classroom experiment in two 8th grade classes (N = 37). By heuristic literacy we refer to an individual’s capacity to use heuristic vocabulary in problem-solving discourse and to approach scholastic mathematical problems by using a variety of heuristics. During the experiment the heuristic constituent of curriculum-determined topics in algebra and geometry was gradually revealed and promoted by means of incorporating heuristic vocabulary in classroom discourse and seizing opportunities to use the same heuristics in different mathematical contexts. Students’ heuristic literacy development was indicated by means of individual thinking-aloud interviews and their mathematical achievements – by means of the Scholastic Aptitude Test. We found that heuristic literacy development and changes in mathematical achievements are correlated yet distributed unequally among the students. In particular, the same students, who progressed with respect to SAT scores, progressed also with respect to their heuristic literacy. Those students, who were weaker with respect to SAT scores at the beginning of the intervention, demonstrated more significant progress regarding both measures.     

Hiring in an Academic Library: Fit is Essential

Candidates readily assure search committees that they will join up, collaborate, and participate in a group. The challenge for the search committee is learning whether the candidate will truly fit with the existing group and organizational culture. How do we gauge how a new hire will fit? Hiring for fit is critical in libraries because each member of the group interacts on behalf of the library with students, faculty, administrators, and staff. Such work demands not only collaboration but also a shared vision. This article describes how one library altered the hiring practice to address the issue of “fit.”     

Personalizing Library Service to Improve Scholarly Communication

This presentation summarized the results from primary research conducted by Profera and Jefferson that aimed to understand what libraries are doing to reach library end users. The authors aimed to explore the relationship between the physical and virtual library space and if this has an impact on student and faculty use of library resources. The study also sought to understand the extent to which libraries are already conducting marketing efforts, the success they have had in doing so, and how publishers can help to enhance the library/end user experience.