煤矿老年人肺部感染128例诊断治疗分析

目的探讨煤矿老年性肺炎的临床特点、发病规律及治疗方法。方法对128例老年性肺炎临床资料进行分析,探讨其诊断治疗特点。结果煤矿老年性肺炎以冬春季发病率高,且多伴有各种基础性疾病,临床表现不典型,病变发展快,漏诊率、病死率高。结论老年人不明原因出现全身乏力、呼吸急促、体温不升、血压下降,神情淡漠等症状时,应警惕肺炎的可能。     

临床医学专业在教学医院实施全程教学的对策与建议——以襄阳职业技术学院枣阳教学医院为例

医学院校在教学医院开展全程教学在解决学校临床教学资源不足的问题中发挥着重要作用。文章结合襄阳职业技术学院临床医学专业在教学医院开展全程教学的经验,客观分析教学医院开展全程教学存在的问题,提出解决问题的对策和建议。     

高等院校诊所式法律教育的本土化研究

诊所式法律教育起源于20世纪60年代的美国大学法学院教育课程,是一种实践性质的法律教育课程。这种模式通过设立法律诊所,以学生作为教学的主体,法学教师作为指导,由学生去代理或者以其它方式接触各类案件,接触真实的案件当事人,在法学专业教师的指导下,为当事人处理案件,解答法律咨询。学生在这个过程中学习法律知识,锻炼运用法律解决问题的实际能力,进而缩小理论培养与实践技能的差距。目前,在我国实施本土诊所式法学教育,存在教育理念、教育模式、教育机构等方面的障碍。应结合国情,转变法学教育理念,合理筹化教育经费,并将诊所教育纳入系统法学教学计划。     

“法律诊所教育”对我国法学教育模式的启示

随着经济社会的发展,传统的法学教育培养模式已不适应当前社会对法律人才的需求,探索新的教学改革模式已迫在眉睫。＂法律诊所教育＂区别于传统法学教育模式,其在培养法律实务人才方面具有重要的积极意义,很可能成为中国法律教育改革的突围性举措。我国的普通高等院校在未来的法律诊所教育改革中,应从硬件设施、规范化制度等七个方面做出努力。     

Selection procedures in sports: Improving predictions of athletes’ future performance

The selection of athletes has been a central topic in sports sciences for decades. Yet, little consideration has been given to the theoretical underpinnings and predictive validity of the procedures. In this paper, we evaluate current selection procedures in sports given what we know from the selection psychology literature. We contrast the popular clinical method (predictions based on overall impressions of experts) with the actuarial approach (predictions based on pre-defined decision rules), and we discuss why the latter approach often leads to superior performance predictions. Furthermore, we discuss the “signs” and the “samples” approaches. Taking the prevailing signs approach, athletes’ technical-, tactical-, physical-, and psychological skills are often assessed separately in controlled settings. However, for predicting later sport performance, taking samples of athletes’ behaviours in their sports environment may result in more valid assessments. We discuss the possible advantages and implications of making selection procedures in sports more actuarial and sample-based.     

基于科学数据的合作网络研究——以ClinicalTrials.gov临床试验数据为例

[目的/意义]基于科学数据构建合作网络,并与传统出版物合作网络进行比较,从网络分析层面解读两个合作网络的差异,为科学数据管理工作提供借鉴。[方法/过程]以ClinicalTrials.gov网站的临床科学数据库为例,利用爬虫抓取该网站上传统论文题录信息以及临床试验信息的元数据并分别构建合作网络,通过复杂网络分析比较试验合作机构网络与论文合作机构网络之间的异同。[结果/结论]基于科学数据集和论文数据集的元数据构建的合作网络,与仅从论文数据集中提取元数据构建的网络相比,前者能够展现更丰富准确的合作信息,从而揭示科学数据管理和开放共享的重要性。     

OSCE的持续改进:复旦大学上海医学院的经验

复旦大学上海医学院持续不断地对OSCE项目进行研究改进,包括OSCE项目的组织与运行、SP队伍的发展与管理、病例的新增与优化、考站的安排与设置、反馈方式与对象等,取得了良好的理论和实践效果。     

‘The girls are out there’: professional perspectives on potential changes in the diagnostic process for,and recognition of,autistic females in the UK

There is widely growing recognition of autism in girls, and both researchers and community members have called for improvements in the diagnostic process. What is not yet known is whether these recommendations are being taken up by professionals. In this study, nine semi-structured interviews were conducted with a variety of professionals involved in the autism diagnostic process. The collected data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Three main themes were identified: gendered differences; lack of services; and informal change. Our study found that diagnostic professionals are aware of gender differences in presentation, and they make a range of informal adaptations to their processes for girls. While this is positive for those girls who interact with knowledgeable professionals, our data highlight the need for more systematic changes to ensure equality of access to diagnosis and post-diagnostic support.     

Curriculum of gross anatomy education in Korean dental hygiene programs: Perceptions of clinical dental hygienists

It is essential for dental hygienists to have basic knowledge of gross anatomy to provide efficient treatment. However, gross anatomy course is relatively neglected due to their disparity from actual clinical dental practice. This study aimed to propose an effective dental hygiene gross anatomy curriculum that reflects the opinions of professional clinical dental hygienists. The study had an online-based cross-sectional design and the survey was distributed to clinical dental hygienists via social networks (n = 200). The questionnaire consisted of questions on the utilization of anatomical knowledge in clinical practice, opinions on the contents and methods of gross anatomy education, and general characteristics. The present study found that 186 (93%) used anatomical knowledge at an above-average level. Qualitative analysis indicated that dental implant surgery, radiography, and extraction were the clinical procedures that required the most anatomical knowledge. The clinical dental hygienists answered that the most-necessary knowledge is that of the mandibular nerve, followed by that on the temporomandibular joint, mandible, maxilla, maxillary nerve, and masticatory muscle. The methods proposed to improve gross anatomy education were (in decreasing order of importance) using videos or photographs (X-rays, CT, MRI, etc.), integrating education with clinical subjects, and using a three-dimensional visualization program. Higher education levels of respondents have increased their tendency to believe that the contents and methods of the presented education were necessary. Dental hygienists who utilized anatomical knowledge more often tended to be had a greater appreciation of the necessity of all educational contents and methods.