Doping in sport: an analysis of sanctioned UK rugby union players between 2009 and 2015

To inform anti-doping policy and practice, it is important to understand the complexities of doping. The purpose of this study was to collate and systematically examine the reasoned decisions published by UK Anti-Doping for doping sanctions in rugby union in the UK since the introduction of the 2009 World Anti-Doping Code. Case files were content analysed to extract demographic information and details relating to the anti-doping rule violation (ADRV), including individuals’ explanations for how/why the ADRV occurred. Between 2009 and 2015, 49 rugby union players and one coach from across the UK were sanctioned. Over 50% of the cases involved players under the age of 25, competing at sub-elite levels. Reasons in defence of the ADRV focused on functional use and lifestyle factors rather than performance enhancement. An a priori assessment of the “need”, “risk” and “consequence” of using a substance was not commonplace; further strengthening calls for increasing the reach of anti-doping education. The findings also deconstruct the view that “doped” athletes are the same. Consequently, deepening understanding of the social and cultural conditions that encourage doping remains a priority.     

新规则下中外优秀技巧啦啦操成套动作分析及发展趋势研究*

通过文献资料、数理统计、录像观察和专家访谈等方法,以中外优秀技巧啦啦操成套动作的编排发展现状及趋势作为研究对象,查阅2014年版国际啦啦操联合会啦啦操竞赛规则,旨在分析规则引导技巧啦啦操项目发展的方向,对世界技巧啦啦操编排发展态势、我国技巧啦啦操的发展现状以及与世界先进水平的差距进行了探讨,结论如下:1.当今世界技巧啦啦操主要朝着单底座托举和三层金字塔方向发展,动作的衔接串联难度由单一的空翻和转体向复合轴空翻发展;2.在“一校一球一操”的战略背景下,啦啦操普及得到了飞速的发展,但技巧啦啦操成套动作编排仍与世界先进水平存在一定的差距,且存在着托举动作稳定性和难度的不足、金字塔的动作编排较为单一、动作的衔接串联过于简单等问题;     

论高等教育分流的三大原则

高等教育的大众化意味着培养渠道的多元化和生源选择的多样化。要构建一个真正面向全体学生,能最大限度地开发其内在潜能之科学合理的高等教育分流体系,核心问题就是在发展高等教育的过程中,始终从宏观层面上遵循高等教育分流的三大原则:适才、适量、自由。     

城市高新产业区的区位择优律研究

主要分析城市高新产业区对区位择优的需要,界定区位的概念,通过归纳影响城市高新产业区择位的因素,总结出城市高新产业区区位择优的规律。     

从新规则变化看竞技健美操发展趋势

通过对（FIG）2001—2004年竞技健美操规则（以下称旧规则）与2005—2008年竞技健美操竞赛规则（以下称新规则）对比分析,可以看出规则变化及竞技健美操的发展趋势：1．规则英文名称的变化使健美操向国际化发展;2．服装要求的变化使健美操向人性化、规范化发展;3．成套动作编排的难度要求变化使健美操向高难化发展;4．三人操和六人操不同难度评估指数的去除变化使健美操向男女要求统一化和女子难度提高化发展;5．“难度组合”的连接价值变化使健美操向新颖独特性发展;6．成套动作艺术性评分的变化使健美操向专业化发展。     

器材与规则的变革对乒乓球运动的发展的影响

通过查阅有关乒乓球运动的文献资料,了解有关乒乓球运动的知识,分析乒乓球运动的发展过程中的影响因素。乒乓球技、战术的不断改革创新,都离不开乒乓球器材的变革以及规则的改革。     

论依法治教与高校体育改革

分析认为,依法治教与高校体育改革相互依赖.一方面,高校体育改革需要相适应的立法,因而成为推动教育法治更快发展的强大动力;另一方面,依法治教对确认和巩固高校体育改革成果,指导改革深入进行,并使改革沿着健康方向发展,也有重要的保障作用.     

法律信仰:法治之基石

法律信仰是法治之基石，它在西方法治的形成过程中逐渐得以确立和固化；而中国百年法治之路之所以步履蹒跚，就是因为缺乏根深蒂固的法律信仰；推进中国法治化进程的关键在于培育和固化民众的法律信仰。     

Teachers’ Learning Journeys: The Quality Learning Circle as a Model of Professional Development

Worldwide, teachers struggle to keep pace with demands for learning. Educational reforms mandated at a national level require teachers to reconsider their teaching, curriculum and assessment philosophies and practices. This reliance on national policy initiatives increases teachers’ dependence on others knowing what their learning needs might be. Such dependence creates problems for sustained learning because teachers are not encouraged to help themselves. This article introduces an alternative approach to professional development, known as the Quality Learning Circle (QLC), to show how it can empower teachers to become agents of change able to meet both local needs alongside national agendas.