世界一流大学如何平衡教师学术创业引发的冲突--斯坦福大学的经验与启示

高校教师参与学术创业活动可能会对大学传统使命产生潜在的影响。为平衡教师参与学术创业引发的承诺冲突和利益冲突,斯坦福大学采取了一系列策略:限制教师参与学术创业活动的范围和时间;制定差异化的信息披露、审核和管理程序;建立中介服务机构,规范学术创业流程等。借鉴斯坦福大学的经验,我国大学应重构观念,克服学术研究和学术创业非此即彼的二元对立论;设置学术创业活动的边界,在边界内提供支撑;建立规范化的冲突披露与管理机制,实行分类管理。     

Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy and Career Commitment: Gender and Ethnic Differences Among College Students

This study evaluated the Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy Scale—Short Form (CDMSE-SF; Betz, Klein, & Taylor, 1996) using the Career Commitment Scale (CCS; Farmer, 1985) as a criterion measure. Responses from 165 undergraduates in a Southern university revealed high internal consistency for the CDMSE-SF, and moderate correlation between the CDMSE-SF and CCS. However, no gender or ethnic differences were found in this correlation. Females scored higher than males on the CCS. Blacks scored higher than Whites on both measures. Implications for practice and research are discussed.     

承诺和经济政策的有效性分析

本文主要基于基德兰德和普雷斯科特及其他人的后续研究,着重讨论了承诺对经济政策有效性的影响。本文指出,承诺通过稳定预期等有助于经济政策的有效制定和执行;但给定环境的不确定和参与人的有限理性,承诺是不完全的,这就出现了经济政策的时间不一致问题。但不完全承诺对经济本身的影响有利有弊,有效承诺应该包含一定的灵活性。保障有效承诺需要相应的制度安排,比如授权、声誉及宪政等。     

免费师范生与非师范生学习投入对比研究

本研究以学习投入为指标,通过问卷调查了北京师范大学免费师范生和非师范生的学习状况。免费师范生在学习投入的自我要求和学习收益维度得分显著高于非师范生群体;免费师范生和文科非师范生在学习态度、学习收益和自我要求维度上得分显著高于理科非师范生;女生在学习投入程度上高于男生;学生就读年级和家庭居住地对免费师范生和非师范生的学习投入没有影响。     

TMT创新承诺对团队创新绩效的影响——基于科技型中小企业的实证研究

基于信号传递理论发现,团队层次因素(团队创新气氛和变革型领导)和个体层次因素(创新自我效能感)可能会同时影响高管团队成员的创新承诺;同时,利用我国东部沿海8省市28家科技型中小企业的调查数据,进一步验证个体及团队层次因素对高管团队成员创新承诺的影响。研究结果表明:创新自我效能感和变革型领导对高管团队成员创新承诺有显著正向影响,而团队创新气氛与高管团队成员创新承诺的关系并不显著。此外,探究高管团队创新承诺与团队创新绩效之间的关系,以及高管团队创新承诺在团队创新气氛、变革型领导与团队创新绩效关系间的中介效应。研究发现:高管团队创新承诺是实现高团队创新绩效的一项重要驱动要素;高管团队创新承诺对变革型领导与团队创新绩效的关系起中介作用,而在团队创新气氛与团队创新绩效之间并没有显示中介效应。     

企业类型、R&D溢出与环境税政策选择——基于完全信息动态博弈模型

基于双寡头博弈模型,研究政府不同的环境税政策、企业污染类型、环保RD溢出对企业最优环境税率、污染控制率及社会福利的影响。得出以下主要结论:当企业为重污染或者企业为轻污染、政府实行承诺的环境税政策时最优环境税率随着边际损害程度增加而增加并逐渐收敛;而当企业为轻污染、政府实行不承诺的环境税政策时,政府有必要对企业从事环保采取补贴的措施。在企业为重污染、RD存在溢出的情况下,承诺的环境税政策及鼓励企业RD合作是政府最优选择;在其他情况下,无论企业是RD竞争还是RD合作方式,承诺的环境税政策可以实现企业污染控制率最大。     

R＆D投资在知识共享联盟价值创造活动中作用的研究

通过R＆D投资，联盟成员可以获得进行价值创造所必需的学习能力，但在获得学习能力之后，联盟成员也就具备了实施机会主义策略的条件。通过一个简单的博弈模型，本文发现，如果联盟成员的R＆D投资具有承诺的特点，那么，联盟伙伴就不会实施这种机会主义策略，而且这种承诺会与学习能力一起决定每个联盟成员的知识投入水平。最后，利用本文的结果和方法还可以解释中外合资公司中诸如外资的独资化等现象。     

A multilevel analysis of the impact of a professional learning community, faculty trust in colleagues and collective efficacy on teacher commitment to students

This study investigated the relationships between a professional learning community (PLC), faculty trust in colleagues, teachers’ collective efficacy, and their commitment to students. The findings from exploratory factor analysis indicated that three clear components could be extracted from the scale of Professional Learning Communities Assessment (PLCA) in a Chinese setting. Multilevel analyses was conducted to investigate how school-level variables, including the three factors of PLC, faculty trust in colleagues, and collective teacher efficacy, affect teachers’ commitment to students. The findings from the Hong Kong teacher sample indicated that two PLC factors including collective learning and application and supportive conditions - structures, and the factors faculty trust in colleagues and collective teacher efficacy could significantly and positively account for the school-level variances of teachers’ commitment to students. Another PLC factor, shared and supportive leadership, was not identified as a significant predictor to teachers’ commitment to students in a Chinese setting. The findings of school-level regressions indicated that all three factors of PLC as well as faculty trust in colleagues could significantly and positively affect teachers’ collective efficacy on instructional strategies. However, only one PLC factor, collective learning and application, and the factor faculty trust in colleagues were significant predictors to teachers’ collective efficacy on student discipline.