Distance in schools: the influence of psychological and structural distance from management on teachers’ trust in management,organisational commitment,and organisational citizenship behaviour

This study aimed to examine the relationship between teachers’ perceived psychological distance and structural distance from management and teachers’ affective organisational commitment (AOC) and organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB). Teachers’ trust in management was expected to mediate these relationships. Furthermore, the adequacy and openness of communication and participation in decision making were expected to reduce psychological distance. At 10 Dutch schools for vocational education and training, 884 teachers completed a questionnaire. The data were analysed using structural equation modelling. Teachers’ psychological distance had a negative effect on trust in management (supervisor and higher management) and AOC. Trust in management had a positive effect on AOC, and trust in the supervisor had a positive effect on OCB. Structural distance did not influence teacher outcomes. Communication and participation in decision making reduced teachers’ psychological distance from management. The discussion focuses on the implications of the findings to improve the effectiveness of schools.     

The Effects of Goal Origin and Implementation Intentions on Goal Commitment,Effort, and Performance

Self-set goals, selected by students for themselves, have known motivational benefits leading to increased autonomy and intrinsic motivation. In spite of the motivational benefits, students often fail to accomplish self-set goals because they lack the social motivator ascribed to assigned goals. The purpose of this research was to investigate methods of increasing students' commitments to self-set goals using implementation intentions: plans for when, where, and how to work toward a goal. The results of two studies revealed that implementation intentions increased students' performance on self-set goals relative to assigned goals through enhanced goal commitment and effort. Our findings suggest that the positive effects of self-set goals are greater when they are coupled with implementation intentions.     

道:假设抑或承诺——胡适《淮南子》研究初论

胡适从辨析<淮南子>的性质入手,用唯科学主义的角度省视其得失,认为"道"是一个无从证实的假设.其实,从人文主义的角度看,毋宁把"道"看作是一个不必求证的本体论承诺.     

员工产生离职意向的原因分析

员工离职问题在企业中受到越来越多的重视,特别是在当今市场竞争激烈的环境下,核心主力员工的离职会对企业造成较大损失。对员工产生离职意向的原因进行研究,有利于组织采取相应的措施对员工的离职问题加以合理管理。采用问卷调查的方法,对不同年龄、工作、性别的员工进行调查,得出员工的工作满意度、工作意义、工作的可替换性、自主性、自我效能和组织承诺这六个因素与离职意向间呈负相关;纽织承诺、工作的可替换性、工作意义三个因素是员工离职意向的主要影响因素;不同年龄员工离职意向间存在显著性差异,而不同性别、职位的员工其离职意向并不存在显著性差异。     

绩效评估公平感与组织承诺的关系研究

本文以浙江省高等院校和科研机构的科研人员为研究对象,通过问卷调查,对科研人员的绩效评估公平感与组织承诺的关系进行统计学意义上的分析。研究结果显示：不同个体特征的科研人员在绩效评估公平感和组织承诺上都存在不同程度的显著差异;浙江省科研人员的绩效评估公平感与情感承诺的相关性较大,与持续承诺和行为承诺的相关性较小;某些个体特征在绩效评估公平感与组织承诺的关系上具有缓冲影响。     

任务结构性情景因素对变革型领导与员工组织承诺关系的影响

对变革型领导、任务结构性情景因素及员工的组织承诺进行了内涵界定,对任务结构性情景因素对变革型领导与员工组织承诺关系的影响进行了实证研究,利用SPSS软件进行相关分析和多元线性回归分析,结果发现,在低任务结构性的组织情景下,变革型领导不能提高员工的组织承诺,在高任务结构性的组织情景下,变革型领导者会降低员工的组织承诺,特别是变革型领导者激励员工的行为会极大地降低员工的组织承诺。     

世界一流大学如何平衡教师学术创业引发的冲突——斯坦福大学的经验与启示

高校教师参与学术创业活动可能会对大学传统使命产生潜在的影响。为平衡教师参与学术创业引发的承诺冲突和利益冲突,斯坦福大学采取了一系列策略:限制教师参与学术创业活动的范围和时间;制定差异化的信息披露、审核和管理程序;建立中介服务机构,规范学术创业流程等。借鉴斯坦福大学的经验,我国大学应重构观念,克服学术研究和学术创业非此即彼的二元对立论;设置学术创业活动的边界,在边界内提供支撑;建立规范化的冲突披露与管理机制,实行分类管理。     

Promoting early career teacher resilience: a framework for understanding and acting

In this paper, we undertake a brief review of the ‘conventional’ research into the problems of early career teachers to create a juxtaposed position from which to launch an alternative approach based on resilience theory. We outline four reasons why a new contextualised, social theory of resilience has the potential to open up the field of research into the professional lives of teachers and to produce new insights into the social, cultural and political dynamics at work within and beyond schools. We then move from these theoretical considerations to explain how we used them in a recent Australian research project that examined the experiences of 60 graduate teachers during their first year of teaching. This work led to the development of a Framework of Conditions Supporting Early Career Teacher Resilience which we outline, promote and advocate as the basis for action to better sustain our graduate teachers in their first few years of teaching. Finally, we reflect on the value of our work so far and outline our practical plans to ‘mobilise’ this knowledge in ways that will make it available to a variety of audiences concerned with the welfare of this group of teachers.     

Veteran teachers’ identity: what does the research literature tell us?

This paper provides an overview of research on veteran teachers and teacher identity. It analyses issues at the personal, situated and professional levels that have been shown to impact on veteran teachers’ identities. The search included empirical studies published in peer-reviewed journals between 2005 and 2016. In total, 19 papers were analysed. Findings revealed that many studies focused on veteran teachers’ resilience. Issues concerning veteran teachers’ identities are key to understanding why they remain in the profession and are able to sustain their motivation and commitment over time. Many veteran teachers portrayed in the literature built on their confidence regarding their professional competence and relied on internal and external issues to maintain their motivation and commitment to teaching. The role of emotions in the transformation of veteran teachers’ identities and the permeable boundaries of the personal, situated and professional scenarios influencing veteran teachers’ identities are highlighted in the paper.     

Professional Characteristics and Teacher Professionalism of Secondary School Teachers

Questionnaire responses from 338 secondary school teachers were analysed to relate teachers' professional characteristics (comprising teaching experience, professional development, and academic and professional qualifications) to teacher professionalism, defined in terms of the two dimensions, teaching competence and commitment to teaching. The Professional Development and Teacher Professionalism Instrument (PDTPI) was devised to measure professional development and teacher professionalism. Inferential statistical techniques employed in the study showed that the variable, teaching experience, was not related to teacher professionalism. Professional development, on the other hand, was found to be an important variable, with the mean teacher professionalism scores between the “high” and “low” professional development groups being significantly different. The study also found that academic qualification was not related to teacher professionalism. However, teachers who had higher professional qualifications were found to possess a higher degree of teacher professionalism.