需求视角下社区教育供给机制的构建——以河南省社区教育实践为例

面对社区居民日益增长的个性化、多样化学习需求,社区教育供需矛盾日益凸显,成为制约我国社区教育发展的关键问题。通过对河南省社区教育供给和需求情况进行调查,分析河南省社区教育存在的供需矛盾,从建立需求表达和反馈机制、构建多元协同的供给机制、健全社区教育资金和人才保障机制以及完善社区教育资源配置机制等四个方面探讨如何构建需求为本的社区教育供给机制,提高社区教育供给能力。     

Impact of distributed leadership on teacher job satisfaction in China: The mediating roles of teacher autonomy and teacher collaboration

Teacher job satisfaction is a heated topic worldwide. Among the possible factors influencing teacher job satisfaction, distributed leadership is very important one. Given very few studies have investigated the effects of distributed leadership on teacher job satisfaction through teacher autonomy and teacher collaboration, this paper is important. It is expected to provide international readers with a better understanding of how these variables are practised in the Chinese context. Specifically, we aim to achieve two goals. The first goal is to investigate the direct impact of distributed leadership on teacher job satisfaction and the second one is to explore how distributed leadership indirectly affects teacher job satisfaction through teacher autonomy and teacher collaboration. The data are from the 2018 Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) (n = 3976). Structural equation modeling revealed statistically significant positive effects of distributed leadership on teacher autonomy, teacher collaboration, and teacher job satisfaction, respectively. The further analyses indicated that the indirect effects of distributed leadership on teacher job satisfaction through teacher autonomy and professional collaboration were statistically significant. However, distributed leadership had no indirect effect on job satisfaction via exchange and co-ordination. Based on the findings, we propose some suggestions to improve teacher job satisfaction, such as strengthening communications between school leaders and teachers, and providing adequate autonomy to teachers. The detailed relationships among these variables are discussed in connection with Chinese educational context.     

科技查新与高校科研关系探讨

科技查新在高校科研工作中发挥着重要作用，同时。加强科技查新与高校科研管理工作的协同，将更有利于科技查新和科研工作的共同提高。     

社区就业者人力资本结构性别差异的实证分析——以陕西省为例

本文运用人力资本理论,构建了社区就业者人力资本结构的简单分析框架,通过对陕西省24个社区233名社区就业者问卷调查结果三个纬度的分性别描述性实证研究,发现女性社区从业者的教育人力资本高于男性,经验人力资本低于男性,流动性人力资本低于男性;女性和男性社区就业者的收入差距不显著。女性在社区中的就业状况不仅与自身人力资本状况紧密有关,并且受社区非正规劳动力市场的影响。对策建议有营造公平的就业环境;加大对女性迁移人力资本的投入;建立女性长期社区就业的有效机制。     

Ideas: A system for international data exchange and access for science

An operational prototype inhomogeneous distributed database system has been built to provide homogeneous access for researchers and managers of science policy to data on research projects held in three countries. The architecture is sufficiently general not only to accommodate additional countries and databases on research projects, but also to provide a general framework for other international collaborative projects aimed at the provision of information. The design exhibits an optimal compromise between sufficient data to satisfy a retrieval request and the minimal data for transmission to maintain the database.     

Tobit模型在网络社区信息传播与管理中的应用

本文主要利用社会网络矩阵分析法对网络虚拟社区中信息传播模式进行分析,概括出网络虚拟社区群体的基本特征,同时利用Tobit模型对这些特征如何影响虚拟社区CMC信息传递进行验证分析,并提出了控制信息传播的手段与对策。     

科研新手获得学术认可的障碍分析及其影响研究

 摘要：科研新手一般是通过其研究成果在学术界获得承认，进而逐步在科学共同体中获得认可并确立地位的。在科研新手学术成果获得承认的过程中，一般会受到新手身份、成果特点以及科学共同体自身性质等因素的影响。对科研新手学术认可的拒绝或延迟，直接影响到科学家梯队的后备人力资源，同时也影响科研新人的职业发展。分析科研新手获得学术认可的一般机制，对维护健康的学术环境，保持科学技术的可持续发展都具有重要意义。     

Design and the management of multi-institutional research collaborations: Theoretical implications from two case studies

Over the past three decades, U.S. science and technology funding agencies have increasingly supported large-scale, centralized, block grant-based research projects that often span multiple disciplines and institutions. This trend has developed at such a rate that research focused on understanding the management of these new collaborative models has largely not kept pace. We use two case studies of large-scale, multi-disciplinary collaborations to develop an institutional framework that illuminates the relationships among (a) the epistemic norms of the disciplines represented in the collaboration, (b) the organizational structure of these collaborations, and (c) the inter-institutional collaboration success.The results of our case study analysis demonstrate that large-scale, multi-discipline, inter-institutional collaborations need a relatively high level of development in either (1) the epistemic development of the disciplines involved in the collaboration or (2) the organizational structure of the collaboration. We argue that the domain (i.e. epistemic or organizational) that provides the highest level of institutionalization is the one that organizes the “rules” of the collaboration.     

企业的社会资本与技术合作

目前，随着企业间技术合作的不断发展，如何通过提高社会资本来加强企业间的技术合作已成为学术界和企业界探讨的一个热门话题。本文以浙江省第一头转基因羊的难产为案例，利用社会资本的有关理论，指出成功的技术合作有赖于良好的社会资本，而我国企业要提高国际竞争力，建立良好的社会资本并加强企业间(包括与国外跨国公司)的技术合作是必由之路。     

加强青年科研队伍建设，加速实现科技自立自强——兼论中国科学院青年创新促进会发展经验与展望

青年科研队伍是最具创新活力的生力军,是开展基础研究与核心技术攻关的主力军,是实现科技自立自强的中坚力量。加强国家战略科技力量建设,迫切需要加强青年科研队伍建设,切实建立有效激发青年科研人员创新创造能力、活力和动力的人才发展环境。文章在分析重大科技成果产出过程中青年科研队伍重要作用的基础上,总结了中国科学院青年科技人才自主培养主干计划"青年创新促进会"的经验成效;从多措并举加强对青年科研人员的支持、营造青年科研人员潜心研究的制度环境,以及打造多样性学术交流和科研合作平台3个方面,提出科技自立自强时代背景下优化我国青年科研队伍发展的系统性思路,建议进一步优化推广青年科技人才创新发展共同体建设,加快促进青年科技人才跨学科合作,实现交叉融合创新。