Design and the management of multi-institutional research collaborations: Theoretical implications from two case studies

Over the past three decades, U.S. science and technology funding agencies have increasingly supported large-scale, centralized, block grant-based research projects that often span multiple disciplines and institutions. This trend has developed at such a rate that research focused on understanding the management of these new collaborative models has largely not kept pace. We use two case studies of large-scale, multi-disciplinary collaborations to develop an institutional framework that illuminates the relationships among (a) the epistemic norms of the disciplines represented in the collaboration, (b) the organizational structure of these collaborations, and (c) the inter-institutional collaboration success.The results of our case study analysis demonstrate that large-scale, multi-discipline, inter-institutional collaborations need a relatively high level of development in either (1) the epistemic development of the disciplines involved in the collaboration or (2) the organizational structure of the collaboration. We argue that the domain (i.e. epistemic or organizational) that provides the highest level of institutionalization is the one that organizes the “rules” of the collaboration.     

企业的社会资本与技术合作

目前，随着企业间技术合作的不断发展，如何通过提高社会资本来加强企业间的技术合作已成为学术界和企业界探讨的一个热门话题。本文以浙江省第一头转基因羊的难产为案例，利用社会资本的有关理论，指出成功的技术合作有赖于良好的社会资本，而我国企业要提高国际竞争力，建立良好的社会资本并加强企业间(包括与国外跨国公司)的技术合作是必由之路。     

加强青年科研队伍建设，加速实现科技自立自强——兼论中国科学院青年创新促进会发展经验与展望

青年科研队伍是最具创新活力的生力军,是开展基础研究与核心技术攻关的主力军,是实现科技自立自强的中坚力量。加强国家战略科技力量建设,迫切需要加强青年科研队伍建设,切实建立有效激发青年科研人员创新创造能力、活力和动力的人才发展环境。文章在分析重大科技成果产出过程中青年科研队伍重要作用的基础上,总结了中国科学院青年科技人才自主培养主干计划"青年创新促进会"的经验成效;从多措并举加强对青年科研人员的支持、营造青年科研人员潜心研究的制度环境,以及打造多样性学术交流和科研合作平台3个方面,提出科技自立自强时代背景下优化我国青年科研队伍发展的系统性思路,建议进一步优化推广青年科技人才创新发展共同体建设,加快促进青年科技人才跨学科合作,实现交叉融合创新。     

研究生学术不端行为防范体系的构建——基于学术共同体视域

【目的】通过分析研究生学术论文中多发的学术不端现象,探究此种现象对学术环境、学术生态和学术出版的侵蚀和伤害。【方法】 概括分析了研究生学术论文中存在的学术不端行为的表现形式、表现特征及成因。【结果】 提出基于学术共同体的视域,从制度、规范、技术层面构建研究生学术不端行为的防范体系。【结论】 科技期刊应发挥学术共同体的作用,营造良好的学术出版环境,促进期刊的创新和发展。     

社交媒体对企业知识竞争力的影响——基于小米公司的案例研究

识别、吸收和整合外部有价值知识的能力构成企业的知识竞争力,社交媒体在此方面具有巨大的应用潜力。提出企业要充分发挥社交媒体的价值,需要整合不同社交媒体的特性,将其转化为便于管理的实践社区,并满足3个条件:知识聚焦、身份构建和共享价值观形成。这需要经历以下4个阶段的努力,即四阶段循环模型:启动组建、核心形成、激活推广、品牌传播。借助于小米公司的案例,对此模型进行了实证。最后讨论其理论和实践意义。     

微博社区成员参与的心理影响因素实证分析

利用逐步多元回归分析法,探明并实证分析了微博社区成员参与行为的心理影响因素。研究发现,成员的自我呈现、感知方便性和感知可信性对他们的参与行为存在显著影响。并且,自我认同和社会强化能显著地影响成员投入到微博社区中的努力。理论层面上,研究结论为下一步参与行为的心理作用路径研究和群体心理与行为研究提供前提;实践层面上,对微博服务提供者经营和管理微博社区以及政府相关部门管理微博具有现实意义。     

企业创新网络的联结机制研究

企业创新网络成为企业获取创新资源、缩短技术开发时间、减少研发投资费用与分散风险的有效组织形式。论文在对企业网络理论系统分析的基础上,根据企业创新网络的自身特点,提出了企业创新网络的联结机制。     

Keeping plagiarism at bay—A salutary tale

This editorial examines the question of whether plagiarism may be on the increase in the social sciences and, if so, what needs to be done to keep the problem in check. It was prompted by the discovery of an alert reader in June 2007 that a 1993 paper in Research Policy appeared to have plagiarised a 1980 article in the Journal of Business. The allegation was investigated, and it was agreed by the Editors that the 1993 paper constituted a clear and serious case of plagiarism. However, the author concerned has published over 100 articles and books. Already, two other publications have been judged by the editors of the journals concerned to have plagiarised previous publications. Two more are under investigation, but the great majority of the remainder still remain to be checked. The fact that academic misconduct on this scale has gone unchecked over such a prolonged period raises serious issues about the efficacy of the processes used to police the conduct of researchers. Furthermore, the unexpected discovery that a paper by the author under investigation appears itself to have been plagiarised poses a fundamental question as to whether plagiarism may be far more common than previously assumed. The editorial concludes that a measured degree of vigilance and a greater willingness to pursue any well-founded suspicions of research misconduct are required by editors, referees, publishers and the wider academic community if the scourge of plagiarism is to be kept at bay.     

超高产春小麦群体结构与经济产量及生物产量关系的研究

以超高产春小麦品种克丰4号和一般品种新克旱9号、 东农7742、克涝3号为试材，综合考察其冠层形态结构对经济产量及生物产量的影响。试验结果统计分析表明：超高产品种克丰4号较其它三个品种一具有明显的生物学特征特性，单株小麦酌生物产量和粒重相对较低，但单位面积上群体经济产量和生物产量明显提高，经济产量分别提高41．7％、47．9％、54，7％，单位面积上的旗叶干重分别提高3．9％、65．8％、44．6％。