民国时期中美图书馆交流史序说:研究综述、理论基础与历史分期

民国时期的中美图书馆交流史不仅是理解中国图书馆与图书馆学缘起的重要议题,在回应图书馆领域史学研究的“双重困境”方面,也具有其特殊的价值。梳理民国时期中美图书馆交流史的相关文献和研究主题发现,本课题难点在于庞杂的线索、社群与诸多政治、经济因素的介入等。由此,本研究吸收“世界体系理论”“书籍交流圈”等跨学科的思想和方法,提出一个由宏观、中观和微观三个层次组成的理论视角,并阐述这一理论视角如何转化为具体的研究方法,以提高学界对民国时期中美图书馆交流史研究的整体理解和把控能力。研究发现,“专业交往”到“文化外交”的视角渐变是民国时期中美图书馆交流的核心轴线,以此可以将这段历史分为四个时期,帮助我们把握不同时期的交往脉络、主要成就和基本特点。表1。参考文献73。     

19世纪美国主日学校图书馆研究

美国主日学校图书馆是十九世纪基督教传教活动的一种辅助设施,以向儿童进行宗教和伦理教化为主要目的。作为公共图书馆兴起以前重要的图书馆形态,其定位、功能与作用值得系统深入的研究。主日学校图书馆的创设始于19世纪初期,1850年左右成为美国提供宗教文献和儿童读物的主要渠道,其广泛建立和发展一直持续到1880年,之后日渐式微。主日学校图书馆藏书重点由宗教文献向通俗童书过渡;分类编目处于草创阶段,较为粗略;读者服务规章严格,以闭架借阅为主;率先向儿童免费开放,是儿童图书馆事业的基石;培养儿童阅读习惯,促进了美国基础教育的发展;突破阶级、种族和性别壁垒,促进了公共图书馆民主、平等与包容等服务理念的形成;遍布美国各地,奠定了农村图书馆事业发展的基础。表1。参考文献38。     

Strength in Numbers: Encouraging Every Staff Member to Work to Capacity

Libraries play a critical role in enhancing the learning landscape of the schools they support. In order for any library to become a powerhouse and a community meeting place, all library team members need to align with the library's vision, own it and begin to add their own strengths and talents purposefully. This article explores practical strategies for developing a visionary team, including supportive leadership, daily stand-up meetings, weekly staff meetings, special-focus teams, rostering and the “five conversations” approach. These effective strategies can be implemented across a broad range of library workforce contexts in order to ensure the most effective workforce teams are built.     

Worn Grooves

Drawing from visual, material and written archival sources, this article critically explores some of the functions, uses and perceived values of recorded sound during the First World War and in its aftermath. An instrument of communication as well as commemoration, the gramophone helped bridge geographical (and, in some cases, cultural) distances between the home front and the rear, providing civilians with the fleeting illusion of presence, proximity, or even sentimental communion with the front. The article analyses (a) the affective and connective, but also propagandist, values of commercial wartime recordings as they circulated between the home and the front, (b) the popular notion of gramophones as regulatory instruments of civilisation, (c) the commemorative exploitations of recorded sound in the interwar period. The article focuses on the British experience, contrasting it with examples drawn from French and German experiences.     

The Formation of Swedish Media Studies, 1960–1980

Around 1960, the politics of the emerging media society in Sweden tended to fixate the formative functions of mass communication. The monopoly of public service broadcast media, press subsidies and new tendencies in film policy were some of the issues around which uncertainty prevailed. New methods to provide reliable data were sought by politicians, since empirical facts were required as arguments for an updated media policy. This article examines the different ways that the field of media studies was introduced in Sweden between 1960 and 1980. We argue that Swedish academic media studies departed from, and emerged within, a rather diffuse borderland between industry, politics and academia. The formation of national media research in Sweden can partly be seen as an effect of politicians and the media industry wanting to be better informed on issues such as media influence, media ownership and the habits and composition of the media audience.     

The “Free Press” of Unionized Journalists and Students

This paper outlines a history of the union organizing of the American Newspaper Guild at Thomson Newspapers’ Peterborough Examiner in Canada from 1968 to 1969. It examines the communication tools that union members used to facilitate this labor organizing and “bite back” at the profitable Thomson chain. Peterborough newsworkers went on strike from November 1968 to April 1969 over union recognition. During the strike, the union members built an unprecedented alliance with Ontario university students, collaboratively launching a strike newspaper called the Peterborough Free Press. Expanding on the concept of temporary labor convergence, this paper considers how strike newspapers can be seen as a form of alternative journalism that newsworkers use as a campaigning tool to communicate their struggles to the public and put pressure on news corporations to bargain with them. This case study is situated in the local institutional contexts of labor relations at the Peterborough Examiner and the news industry in Peterborough, where Thomson Newspapers had a media monopoly. It is based on labor standpoint and signal juncture analyses of union archival documents and newspaper content. The research ultimately suggests that newsworkers should not only focus on communication tools but also build bridges with community members.     

开放获取S计划演进历程、动因及对我国的启示

[目的/意义]以利益相关者——科学共同体为视角,分析S计划的政策演变,及对我国开放获取实践发展的启示.[方法/过程]运用文献调研法与内容分析法,追踪S计划的演进历程,对标志性事件的发生时间节点、内容及相关政策进行分析;梳理S计划的最新动态,包括S计划对科学共同体影响的监控框架、权利保留政策及钻石开放获取的新模式.[结果...     

民国学人专题数据库构建及其学术特征分析——学术共同体视角

[目的/意义]民国时期是中国历史上少有的学术发展活跃期,现阶段有不少民国文献数据库,但都是些面向主题的专题库,而民国学人专题数据库是把基于领域面向主题的数据库升级为以人作为维度的专题数据库,体现出学术交流的特点。[方法/过程]从数据库整体框架、功能设计与实现方面介绍民国学人专题数据库,依托民国学人专题数据库,依次从学者组织机构、学术成果合著与引证行为等多维度揭示民国时期学术共同体的特点,最后引入时序分析方法,探究学者的科研行为随时间的变化特点。[结果/结论]实证表明,民国时期的学术共同体的变迁受外部政治氛围和内部组织流变影响,而通过对引入时序的学者合著与引证关系的梳理,发现学者对民国时期的学术研究热情持续增进,另外民国期间的学者倾向独立创作,民国之后的学者的合著行为才逐渐频繁。     

建国以来我国数学课程与教学的历史发展及启示

建国以来,随着社会的发展,我国数学课程的目标、内容、数学教学的理念都在不断发展,逐渐形成了自己的特色。数学课程与教学改革应当坚持与发扬我国数学课程与教学的优势,正视与改进其不足。改革成功的关键在于正确处理一些关系,把握平衡。     

王安石翻案诗的政治解读及其诗史意义

王安石好作翻案诗,早期的翻案诗多在立意上翻新,包括转移视点执其一端立论和推陈出新两种主要方式。这一类翻案诗多为咏史诗,"有所为而为"的写作态度使之精深峭拔,最见荆公襟怀,必须结合王安石的政治关怀和当时的政治背景来解读此类诗作,泥于字句很容易与原旨产生偏离。王安石晚期的翻案诗创作多为诗法翻新,主要包括反用前人诗意及典故、章法上的推倒扶起和句法上的前后反覆三个方面。此类诗为宋诗新变指出了一条新的门径,以往文学史研究多强调荆公体或半山体对唐诗的回归,对此多有忽略。