Validation of the elementary social behaviour assessment: teacher ratings of students’ social skills adapted to Norwegian,grades 1–6

This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Elementary Social Behaviour Assessment (ESBA), a teacher-report measure of students’ social skills and academic engagement adapted for use in Norwegian schools. At two times, 8 weeks apart, 151 teachers rated 793 students in Grades 1–6 on the ESBA and the Social Skills Rating System Teacher’s form (SSRS-T). Exploratory factor analysis with the first assessment suggested one or possibly two factors. Confirmatory factor analysis with the second assessment confirmed the one- or two-factor models but did not offer strong evidence for one over the other. The ESBA demonstrated good to excellent reliability. Strong concurrent and predictive correlations with the SSRS-T established criterion validity. The school and teacher levels explained only a limited amount of the total variance in ESBA scores, suggesting that teachers rate students quite similarly. The Norwegian-adapted ESBA paralleled the reliability and validity evidence from US samples.     

Building student belonging and engagement: insights into higher education students’ experiences of participating and learning together

Student belonging and engagement has received increased attention in the context of an expanding and more diverse higher education student population. Student retention is regarded as a priority with many universities augmenting their retention strategies to instil a sense of belonging. This article provides insights into first year Business Management students’ experiences of starting their degrees and retention interventions at a university in the South of England. It is based on findings from an ongoing study that applied Wenger's social theory of learning and adopted an appreciative inquiry approach to focus group interviewing to investigate students’ perceptions. Students developed a sense of belonging, constructed learner identities, made sense of their learning and gained confidence, but also experienced instances of tension and frustration that raise questions about the extent to which sociality practices within evolving communities of practice can address diverse engagement and identity development needs and mitigate disengagement.     

Creating a distinctive business career outcome programme

This article describes how a small private business school, accredited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business, reengineered its career services programme to become a premier programme in the United States. Drawing on theory of involvement, the research gives business schools a strategy to improve business career placement through capital support, student engagement, corporate engagement, alumni engagement, faculty engagement and continuous improvement initiatives. Further, two major outcome categories (i.e. supportive outcomes and end outcomes) are identified and various measures are discussed. Supportive outcomes indicate growth in the number of on-campus business recruiting career events, high internship evaluations by internship supervisors and significant increase in students’ satisfaction with career services. End outcomes provide strong evidence for placement rate success with a 98% career placement rate for the past four years, significant increase on mean starting salaries of graduates across the years following the implementation of the strategic changes, improved quality of positions attained by graduates, and professional success of alumni in their positions. The impact of strategic changes on school ranking, enrolment and donor support are also discussed. The research proposes a model of student career success and identifies various elements influencing the success of such programmes.     

Transforming engagement: a case study of building intrinsic motivation in a child with autism

This longitudinal case study of a 10‐year‐old girl with autism and severe communication impairment measures the impact of the MORE (Means, Opportunities, Reasons and Expectations) approach to enhancing engagement and communication. Through detailed observation of video data over a period of 28 months, engagement behaviours including interaction with adults and following adult directions increased, while resistant behaviours such as kicking, hitting and pushing adults away decreased. Fluctuation between different ‘states’ demonstrated that the frequency and duration of engagement was influenced by the MORE approach and an emphasis on developing intrinsic motivation. In order to enable further efficacy research, core features of the intervention and the changes in engagement over time are described.     

消费心理引导下的农产品包装设计元素分析

文章从现代人的消费心理角度出发,围绕包装视觉设计与结构设计两大重要元素分析现代农产品包装设计理念,提出消费心理对当代农产品包装设计的引导作用,以及农产品包装设计应满足趋于变化的消费心理,以提高企业市场竞争力。     

多维视野中的受众研究

在传播研究中，人们的受众观念经历了多种视野的变迁，受众曾先后被视作靶子、社会类别、消费、商品及解码等等。从总体倾向来说，这些视里的变迁体现了从强调受众的被动性到强调受众的主动性，从关注受众的社会因素到关注受众的化因素的特征。     

试析现代广告设计中的消费者逆反心理

在现代广告设计中,可以将常见的跟广告设计相关的逆反心理现象分为以下十三种:频度过高厌烦型;制作简陋厌恶型:内容陈旧抵制型;低级庸俗逆反型;过于武断叛逆型;吹嘘过头怀疑型;刺激过大逃避型;刺激过小无视型;华而不实畏惧型;过于雷同排斥型;道德违规痛恨型;过重自我讨厌性;过分自谦小看型。只有准确地把握消费者在不同情境中的逆反心理倾向,才能有针对性地采取有效措施,消除逆反心理现象。     

违约自由论

合同本质上就是当事人通过自由协商，决定其相互之间的权利、义务关系，并根据其意志调整他们相互之间的关系的协议。当事人有是否缔约的自由，和谁缔约及决定合同内容的自由，变更与解除合同的自由。但违约是否自由则从未明确地说明。而人们往往根据违约责任的存在而否定违约行为的自由。事实上我们日常生活中的违约行为往往就是缔约一方的自由选择的结果。文中从以下方面来说明违约的自由：违约行为的现实合理存在；合同法未对违约行为进行限制；对违约行为的适当规制并不是对违约行为的禁止。     

政府财政干预对OEM厂商绿色再制造的影响

以原产品生产企业(OEM厂商)为研究对象,通过两期模型探讨政府财政干预对企业再制造战略的影响,重点比较税收政策、补贴政策、"税收—补贴"联合政策对OEM厂商再制造的激励作用。研究结果表明,政府向OEM厂商征收新产品回收处置税的措施尽管会抑制新产品销量,但同时也抑制了再制造产品销量,因此难以达到扩大再制造的预期目的。与税收政策相比,补贴政策和"税收—补贴"联合政策具有正向引导作用,但两类政策的激励效果受到消费者认可度的影响。当消费者对再制造产品的认可度高时,适合采取"税收—补贴"联合政策;当消费者认可度低时,则仅适合采用补贴政策。