速度滑冰大全能运动员比赛期间疲劳的消除与恢复

速度滑冰大全能比赛对运动员的体能和疲劳的恢复提出了很高的要求,结合速滑大全能比赛的特点及其运动员比赛中机体能量供应的特点,通过文献资料法和访谈法分析大全能运动员在比赛过程中产生疲劳的原因和机理,探讨速度滑冰运动员比赛期间疲劳产生的部位和诊断方法。研究结果表明通过教育学恢复方法、医学生物学恢复方法和心理性恢复等方法的有机结合可以有效地消除和恢复运动员比赛期间疲劳,为速度滑冰训练、比赛中运动员的疲劳消除和恢复提供参考和建议。     

世界银行治理结构改革与中国的应对策略?

世界银行在全球经济治理中发挥着重要作用,但随着新兴经济体的崛起和近年来金融危机、债务危机频发,世界银行治理结构所存在的制度性缺陷显露无遗,相应改革势在必行。但是,由于世界银行具有公共组织与股份公司的双重属性,使得改革方向出现分歧,改革进程推进缓慢。从根本上说,世界银行改革中发达国家与发展中国家并不存在不可调和的利益冲突,在减贫等问题上双方存在着合作的基础。中国应积极推进世界银行治理结构改革：首先,必须明确“负责任、有作为的大国”定位,表现出推动改革的积极态度;其次,要紧密围绕“发展”主题,注重长远利益;再次,要加强对世界银行人事安排的参与;最后,要积极构建世界银行框架下发展中国家沟通与合作的正式协调机制。     

厌氧氨氧化菌活性的快速恢复及运行

为研究厌氧氨氧化(anaerobic ammonium oxidizing,ANAMMOX)菌的活性恢复,采用SBR工艺对长时间(100 d左右)停止运行的反应器中ANAMMOX菌进行活性培养。经过22 d的恢复试验,ANAMMOX菌活性基本恢复,在第17天,NH+4—N和NO-2—N的转化率均在90%以上,TN的去除率在80%以上。在培养过程中,载体的颜色由白色逐渐变成淡黄色。结果表明,在常温闲置较长时间的反应器中ANAMMOX菌的活性可恢复性强,恢复周期短,恢复后的脱氮性能良好;ANAMMOX反应器通过对生物膜载体的培养可以使ANAMMOX菌的活性快速恢复。     

Thermoneutral immersion exercise accelerates heart rate recovery: A potential novel training modality

This study compared heart rate recovery (HRR) after incremental maximal exercise performed at the same external power output (P_ext) on dry land ergocycle (DE) vs. immersible ergocycle (IE). Fifteen young healthy participants (30?±?7 years, 13 men and 2 women) performed incremental maximal exercise tests on DE and on IE. The initial P_ext on DE was 25?W and was increased by 25?W/min at a pedalling cadence between 60 and 80?rpm, while during IE immersion at chest level in thermoneutral water (30°C), the initial P_ext deployment was at a cadence of 40?rpm which was increased by 10?rpm until 70?rpm and thereafter by 5?rpm until exhaustion. Gas exchange and heart rate (HR) were measured continuously during exercise and recovery for 5?min. Maximal HR (DE: 176?±?15 vs. IE 169?±?12?bpm) reached by the subjects in the two conditions did not differ (P?>?.05). Parasympathetic reactivation parameters (ΔHR from 10 to 300?s) were compared during the DE and IE HR recovery recordings. During the IE recovery, parasympathetic reactivation in the early phase was more predominant (HRR at Δ10–Δ60?s, P?<?.05), but similar in the late phase (HRR at Δ120–Δ300?s, P?>?.05) when compared to the DE condition. In conclusion, incremental maximal IE exercise at chest level immersion in thermoneutral water accelerates the early phase parasympathetic reactivation compared to DE in healthy young participants.     

Sand training: Exercise-induced muscle damage and inflammatory responses to matched-intensity exercise

This study compared markers of muscle damage and inflammation elevated by a matched-intensity interval running session on soft sand and grass surfaces. In a counterbalanced, repeated-measures and crossover design, 10 well-trained female athletes completed 2 interval-based running sessions 1 week apart on either a grass or a sand surface. Exercise heart rate (HR) was fixed at 83–88% of HR maximum. Venous blood samples were collected pre-, post- and 24?h post-exercise, and analysed for myoglobin (Mb) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Perceptual ratings of exertion (RPE) and muscle soreness (DOMS) were recorded immediately post- and 24?h post-exercise. A significant time effect showed that Mb increased from pre- to post-exercise on grass (p?=?.008) but not on sand (p?=?.611). Furthermore, there was a greater relative increase in Mb on grass compared with that on sand (p?=?.026). No differences in CRP were reported between surfaces (p?>?.05). The HR, RPE and DOMS scores were not significantly different between conditions (p > .05). These results suggest that in response to a matched-intensity exercise bout, markers of post-exercise muscle damage may be reduced by running on softer ground surfaces. Such training strategy may be used to minimize musculoskeletal strain while still incurring an equivalent cardiovascular training stimulus.     

冲突与克制——论古巴导弹危机

1962年的古巴导弹危机,是美苏两国冷战的一次极限,双方处于世界热核战争的边缘,危机一触即发。然而,凭借着双方领导人的冷静与克制,这次危机得以和平的解决。整个危机是一个冲突、克制与妥协的过程,这是古巴导弹危机的一个显著特点。最后,苏联撤走了在古巴的导弹和伊尔—28轰炸机,美国也有条件的保证不入侵古巴。     

对我国中小企业危机管理系统的研究

在经济全球化和竞争国际化的知识经济时代背景下,我国中小企业必须构建科学的危机管理系统.中小企业危机管理系统主要由三部分构成:危机前以预警机制为主的预防管理系统、危机发生时以沟通为核心的控制处理系统、危机后以总结与评估为要素的恢复管理系统三个功能模块.通过危机管理有效运行,保障中小企业运营的安全性.     

新形势下危机领导的路径依赖模型

领导干部应对危机事件的能力日显重要,是加强党执政能力建设的重要方面,已成为新时期评价领导干部能力的重要内容。探究危机领导,构建有中国特质的危机领导方式成为新的研究期待。在研究过程中,从哲学方法论上追寻领导危机的路径依赖,利用其价值和事实两个层面论证契合领导危机的诉求。厘析传统型危机领导的路径依赖模型,在对传统型加以借鉴的同时,运用＂三论合一＂、＂源流共治＂的理论及方法,构建新形势下对危机有效领导的路径依赖模型。     

企业危机管理过程中的信息活动分析

企业危机管理有5个阶段:危机信息检测,危机准备,危机抑制,危机恢复和危机学习。企业危机管理过程实质上是一个信息收集、分析、传递、利用的信息管理过程。     

创建运动恢复理论新体系

为完善竞技运动理论体系,提高运动恢复的质量和效益,针对过去训练理论偏重生物性恢复,忽略心理和社会性恢复的现实,构建了由生物学、心理学和社会学三方位组合的运动恢复理论新体系。