Determining the Value of Cultural Goods: How Much (or How Little) Does Contingent Valuation Tell Us?

Contingent valuation methods (CVM) are now well established as a means of measuring the nonmarket demand for cultural goods and services. When combined with valuations provided through market processes (where relevant), an overall assessment of the economic value of cultural commodities can be obtained. Within a neoclassical framework, such assessments are thought to provide a complete picture of the value of cultural goods. But are there aspects of the value of cultural goods which are not fully captured, or not captured at all, within such a model? This paper argues that CVM provides an incomplete view of the nonmarket value of cultural goods, and that alternative measures need to be developed to provide a fuller account.     

论体育的社会功能

体育发展至今日,其健身价值反倒常常不是最动人的了,让我们感受一下一次次体育盛会的氛围,听一听奥运会中一次次奏响的国歌,看一看一次次升起的国旗,就会感知到体育是一种世界各国共同想往而为之拼搏的荣誉.由于体育的这种社会功能作用于社会,影响于社会,因而它所显示出来的价值观、功利观,就大大地超越了比它自身生物性功能更大的价值效能而备受世人关注和青睐.通过体育对社会政治、社会控制、经济、科技、文化等方面的促进意义进行了论述.     

文化差异与可译性限度

由于不同文化之间存在差异,翻译存在困难。本文认为翻译中存在困难和障碍,这只是可译性的限度。通过对可译性限度 和文化差异之间关系的分析,指出可译性是相对的,而可译性限度是绝对的。翻译的任务就是要在这个辩证关系的指导下充分理解文化 的差异性,并最大限度地找出传达原语的方法。     

师徒论--传统武术的一个文化现象诠释

择徒拜师是传统武术最基本的传承方式,至今在民间习武群体中被衍传着.传统武术师徒传承分有入室弟子和一般弟子两种类型,只有通过正式的拜师仪式后,才算形成了严格意义上的师徒关系.这种师徒传承从历史的深处走来,但并非属于"过去式",需要的是在新的历史条件下对它进行理性的甄别取舍.     

奥林匹克文化论

奥林匹克运动具有丰富的文化内涵。这种文化来源于古希腊，是一种以体育为载体、以西方文化为主导的多元文化，是世界先进文化的组成部分。它具有象征性、多元性、观赏性和人文性的特点。它将在东西方文化的融合、多元民族体育文化发展及北京“人文奥运”的实践中得到创新与发展。     

网络不同媒体组合的传播效果检测分析

本文通过对多通道刺激反应心理学理论的回溯 ,援引美国传播学教授斯·斯亚姆·山德尔 (S .ShyamSundar)在 2 0 0 0年所做的网站多媒体组合信息传播实验结果———在目前网络软硬件技术还有待大幅度提高的情况下 ,越多的媒体参与网络传播 ,并不一定能取得好的传播效果。本文借此提出文本 图片是目前网站较为合适的信息传播形式的观点。     

中华民族传统体育--在休闲时代体现文化多样性

体育进入休闲,是社会和谐发展和小康生活质量提高的标志。在休闲时代开展体育活动,其重要特征是满足人们的个性需要,提供多样化的运动休闲元素。民族体育由于能够体现文化的多样性,将重返世界体育舞台,尽显本土的文化魅力。中华民族所创造的民族民间传统体育,承载着东方人特有的与自然和谐同步的休闲娱乐观,在休闲时代将获得新生的土壤,极大丰富和充实由西方体育独领风骚的当代体育,也将为中华民族文化的世纪复兴写下浓重一笔。     

E-mail in government: Not post-bureaucratic but late-bureaucratic organizations

Empirical research provides evidence that electronic communication does not change government agencies into post-bureaucratic organizations. Structuration Theory is used to explore the interaction between e-mail use, communication patterns of civil servants, and two bureaucratic characteristics: formalization and hierarchy. Previous research suggested that the use of e-mail leads to less formalization and less hierarchy, but empirical research in three bureaucratic organizations in the Netherlands leads to different conclusions. First, the use of e-mail leads to informal formalization: the style of communication is more informal but the content focuses less on personal issues and emphasizes efficient recordings of agreements. Second, the use of e-mail leads to hierarchical horizontalization: horizontal contacts take a more central position in bureaucratic organizations but these horizontal contacts are tightly linked to vertical structures. The result of the interaction between e-mail and government bureaucracy is horizontal communication directly linked to vertical structures. Electronic communication turns government agencies into late-bureaucratic organizations.     

唐人侠意识论

唐代侠风炽盛,侠意识异常浓烈,并在兼容并包的社会文化背景下内涵得到了丰富和提升。其表现出的功名追求与人生享乐合而不悖的独特内容、明主情结与恩报意识中的国家、民族观念,都是对传统侠意识的发展,是独具时代特色的侠意识,包蕴着深厚的现实内容,反映着较为深广的时代文化心理。它从一个独特的角度反映出唐代文人执着、进取的用世精神,追求功名的人生理想和追求个性自由、注重世俗享乐的人生情趣,展示了唐代文人的心态和心灵历程,为我们认识其复杂的心灵世界提供了一个新的视角。     

The Concept of Inclusive Education: Teacher Training and Acquisition of English Language in the Hearing Impaired

Three languages are widely used in schools in Kenya – English, Kiswahili and Kenya Sign Language. Many pupils with hearing impairments are taught separately from the mainstream, in specialist settings. The fact that most of the formal teaching, assessment and examination processes in Kenyan schools rely upon spoken and written English compounds the separation of these pupils from the mainstream of education and, potentially, from the mainstream of society. In this article, Gertrude Wamae, graduate assistant in the Department of English and Linguistics at Kenyatta University, and Rachael Kang'ethe-Kamau, lecturer in the Department of Special Education at Kenyatta University, discuss the relationships between language, hearing impairment and inclusion in the Kenyan context. The article suggests that the use of signed exact English would enhance opportunities for inclusion for those with hearing impairments and that programmes of teacher training need to take account of persuasive research in this area. The article closes with a plea for further research, carried out collaboratively by educationalists, linguists, teacher trainers and practitioners, to develop policies and practices suited to more inclusive futures. The article is based on a paper presented to the International Conference on Inclusive Education run by Maseno University in September 2002.