The Itinerary to Explore Headwaters of the New Left’s Cultural Studies

Abstract

The 1980s was a period when the academic current for leisure studies led to the birth of the study of sports history. Japan was not a latecomer in this scholarly stream. More significantly, cultural issues were thought not the part of various phenomena in a society, but the key issues for class integration and class strife. After writing my PhD thesis on Pierce Egan, one of the earliest sport journalists influenced by the idea of early radicals in the nineteenth-century Britain, my attention turned over to the question of why the study of sport history was necessary. There was the academic impact inherited from the New Left’s belief that ‘without understanding the state of people’s culture, class issues are unable to be truly comprehended’. The Initiation of sport journalism had a similar destiny. This consequence appears to be a synchroflash between the early radicals’ concern in popular culture in the nineteenth century and the New Left’s interest in cultural studies in the twentieth century. There was an obvious reason why the radical essayists and contemporary academics had to pay attention to the ‘cultural turn’ with critical thinking in a society.     

文化自觉视域下中国传统体育文化发展方向的思考

摘要：中国传统体育文化是我国传统文化的重要构成,它历史悠久、源远流长。在我国大力弘扬传统文化的政治背景下,主要采用文献资料法,研究促进中国传统体育文化更好传承和发展具有重要的现实价值和意义。在进入21世纪的今天,中国传统体育项目生存和发展的环境已经发生了翻天覆地的变化,中国传统体育文化发展常常面临诸如自我与他者的取舍、传统和现代的矛盾等问题的纠结。研究的目的就是要理性分析中国传统体育文化发展过程中认识上的困惑和症结,并寻求破解的良方。作者通过文献资料法,以中国传统体育文化为主要研究对象展开研究,研究结果得知利用费孝通先生的文化自觉理论可以对这些问题进行有效的释疑、解惑。研究结论认为文化自觉思想的提出为多角度认识和思考中国传统体育文化提供了帮助,为中国传统体育文化发展过程中矛盾的解决进行了有益的理论探索。     

中华龙舟文化演变的生态适应论绎

摘要：主要采用文献资料法和历史研究法,以跨学科的视野阐释和分析中华龙舟文化在不同历史时期的变化,从生态适应的角度,纵向梳理了中华龙舟文化的发展历程,认为中华龙舟文化的起源、演变及传承等整个发展过程均是生态适应的结果。主要从自然生态、社会生态和文化生态3个维度,分析讨论了中华龙舟文化演变过程中的生态适应问题。研究认为：自然生态促进了中华龙舟文化区域性的演成,并赋予其地域性特征;社会生态促使中华龙舟文化服务于政治需要、社会教化和社会整合;而文化生态促进了中华龙舟文化与他文化的横向交流和融合。同时还认为,面对自然生态、社会生态和文化生态的不断变化,当前及今后的中华龙舟文化都会通过不断的自我调适来适应所处生态的变化。一定程度上有助于加深对中华龙舟文化发展问题的理解和认识,进一步拓展民族传统体育文化研究的视野。     

武化教育的实质及其当代价值

摘要：武术是中华民族优秀的文化遗产,有其特殊的文化内涵和价值功能,它不仅传达着一种文化,更传递着一种精神,而武化教育的实质就是倡导武术精神。主要采用文献资料等科研方法,围绕着武化教育的实质,以及武术精神的当代价值等方面展开论述,其目的是更加全面地了解武术所蕴含的精神价值,探讨其在时代背景下如何发挥其自身优势更好地服务当今社会。研究认为：武术精神与中国传统文化有着千丝万缕的联系,它不仅成为凝聚民族力量、彰显国家意志的利器,而且对于培养国民的尚武精神,唤醒民众对传统文化的自觉发挥了重要作用。当前应该大力弘扬武术精神中所表达的“忠、义、信、勇”的精神实质,更好地提振民族精神,团结民众,凝聚力量,为实现中华民族伟大复兴的“中国梦”做出贡献。对于进一步唤醒民众对传统文化的自觉,培养国民的尚武精神,更好地服务中华民族伟大复兴的“中国梦”都有着十分重要的现实意义。     

“互联网+”视域下中国冰球运动泛文化发展研究

摘要：“互联网+”成为新时期体育文化建构和产业延伸关键词,“互联网+体育”逐渐形成。冬奥会申办的成功给我国冬季运动发展带来契机,但冬季项目尤其是冰球运动的文化根基和发展现状而言,我国与北美传统优势强国之间存在较大差距。基于上述背景和发展要求,主要采用文献资料法、例证比较法等研究方法,运用胡塞尔“视域”概念及《冰雪运动发展规划（2016—2025年）》,借鉴北美冰球运动泛文化发展现状,提出适于我国“互联网+”和冬奥项目自身发展要求的拓延策略,最终提出3点建议,即群众参与的前提是政策助力,希望有关冬季项目政策能够出台更多有利于泛文化发展和全民普及的相关内容;媒体报道需更进一步加强,目前新闻类内容较多,文化类内容仍有待挖掘;借助产业链发展形态,促进冰雪产业与其他产业、国际合作等交流接轨,实现全球化的文化传播样态和理念。     

中国学校体育课程建设的国际性与民族性发展特征

摘要：近现代以来,中国学校体育课程建设从无到有、由零碎到系统,体育课程建设始终存在国际性（西方化）和民族性（传统体育）两条基本路线。通过文献资料法、逻辑分析法等研究方法,从国际性和民族性两个视角分析中国学校体育课程建设的演进过程,大致可以分为四个阶段：学校体育课程的形成与“体操”盛行;武术成为学校体育课程合法内容与西化程度逐渐提高;传统体育几无建树与国际化建设几经波折;武术等传统体育项目进一步受到重视与国际性建设主导地位形成。对不同阶段的政治、经济和社会历史环境等的分析发现：我国体育课程的国际性与民族性发展呈现出“非同步性”、“社会依赖性”、“差异性”、“长期性与阶段性相统一”以及“科学性与非科学性同在”六方面演进特征。     

Culture without “world”: Australian cultural policy in the age of stupid

In March 2013, after six years of consultation, an Australian Labor government launched the national cultural policy document, Creative Australia. In July 2013, a Coalition government was elected, Senator George Brandis became Minister for the Arts, and the policy was dumped. With it went cross-party consensus about funding rationales and measurement strategies, with disastrous consequences for the cultural sector. This cautionary tale of gaffes, pay-back and abrupt changes of direction, highlights the fragility of policy memory that condemns artists and arts managers to a never-ending reinvention of the evidentiary wheel. Our paper examines the problem of collective understanding (“world”) in cultural policy-making in Australia, exacerbated not only by the short-term electoral cycles which undermine long-term cultural outcome timescales, but by a fixation on what Hannah Arendt calls “the peculiar and ingenious replacement of common sense with strict logicality”. Evidence of value is only meaningful when it occurs in a policy memory that can fully avow it and respond in appropriate ways. Measurement methods are over-determined by epistemology and by experience. We argue that the balance between these determinants of effective cultural policy-making has been lost. An emphasis on numerical data – especially economic data – has forced arguments for culture into a decontextualised register of quantitative proof. Recent events in Australia suggest that different, more direct ways of engaging with cultural policy-making are required for the problem of collective understanding to be successfully assayed.     

Social inclusivity,cultural diversity and online film consumption

It has been argued that the circulation of film online is a “democratising process”, evident in the breadth and depth of international film now available online, and in the greater ease of access to this content for audiences across the world. This is seen by some to present greater commercial opportunities for film-making from countries marginalised by previous distribution networks, and to foster a more globally diverse and inclusive film-viewing culture, with particular benefits for diasporic populations. Others, however, have pointed to the way in which audiences’ engagement with film online may be constrained by the economics and technology of online distribution and cultural competencies rooted in social stratification. These factors may limit how and what audiences watch, extending beyond issues of physical access to those of cultural access. As such, they raise questions regarding the demographic composition of the audience for online methods of film distribution and different types of international film. We lack sufficient understanding of these issues, however, due to the limited emphasis upon socio-demographic variables in existing academic research into online film consumption, and the limited consideration of particular film content in relevant market research. This article uses original audience research to interrogate the extent to which online distribution is able to connect audiences to a diversity of international film in comparison to other methods of distribution. It also considers some of the socio-demographic characteristics of the audiences for different methods of distribution and types of international film. In doing so, the article grants us a clearer understanding of the degree to which online film distribution fosters diversity and inclusivity through the connections it facilitates between audiences and content.     

Identity and Otherness: Maghribi Images in the Historiography about Alfonso XI of Castile (1311–1350)

This work studies the information that the historiography on King Alfonso XI of Castile offers on the Marīnid dynasty of Fes. In spite of the confrontation between the two states in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries for the control of the Strait of Gibraltar and the southern part of Andalusia, the Alfonsine texts (the Crónica del Rey don Alfonso el Onceno, the Gran Crónica de Alfonso XI and, to a lesser extent, the Poema of Alfonso Onceno) attempt to reconstruct the history of the rival sultanate through a verifiable and rigorous approach comparing with Arab sources from that period. In this regard, their ideological conception moves away from the usual stereotypes, which are generally negative in the way they portray the other, i.e. the Maghribi opponent. In contrast, Alfonsine historiography assumes the empathetic portrayal of the identity values of the rival as part of the task of the historian, and uses the history and deeds of the adversaries to highlight the victory of the Castilian monarch over them.