元数据转换及集成的研究现状述评

元数据的转换及集成是对网络信息资源进行编目的关键问题,也是目前业界关注的热点之一。本文通过大量翔实的资料对元数据转换和集成的研究现状进行了述评,从几个方面归纳了研究者的理论和观点,同时指出了研究现状中存在的一些问题。     

开放资源许可使用的权益平衡规范:NISO ALI解读

[目的/意义]系统介绍美国NISO推荐实施规程ALI的背景、内容、应用及其在开放获取信息交流模式中的作用和影响。[方法/过程]通过翻译ALI的内容,解读其作为一套完整的标准化元数据在为开放获取资源提供可视化标识,在促使用户及时了解某一特定内容的开放状态和再利用权限,以及平衡出版商、作者、下游用户之间权益方面的作用。[结果/结论]ALI对我国构建统一的、标准化的开放资源元数据元素,同时对消除作者的版权顾虑,平衡各方利益,消除其中的法律风险有着重要的借鉴意义,可促进我国开放获取运动规范化发展。     

美国开放政府数据元数据标准及启示

[目的/意义]以美国开放政府数据网站Data.gov中的元数据标准为例,分析其元数据体系及具体标准,以期为我国开放政府数据元数据标准的构建提供参考。[方法/过程]采用实例分析的方法,归纳总结美国开放政府数据元数据标准的体系结构。[结果/结论]美国开放政府数据元数据标准分为数据集内容与数据集格式描述元数据标准,并针对原始数据集与地理空间数据集采用不同标准描述;并指出我国在构建自身开放政府数据元数据标准时可借鉴Data.gov中的元数据标准体系。     

中国外汇储备适度规模影响因素实证分析

近年来,随着我国经济的不断发展,外汇储备规模增长较快,外汇储备的适度规模成为了一个有争议的问题。本文运用计量经济学理论的方法,分析了影响我国外汇储备适度规模的因素,提出了控制外债余额,优化外汇储备的币种结构,提高人民币国际地位等政策建议。     

国外视音频信息元数据元素集研究综述

本文主要介绍国外视音频元数据元素集的分布情况和主要视音频元数据元素集的构成情 况,分析归纳出国外主要视音频元数据元素集的研究现状和特点。     

元数据在数字图书馆中的应用

The paper mainly deals with the application field of metadata in digital libraries. It also discusses the ways and methods of collecting, maintaining and supplying metadata.     

Where did distance education go wrong?

Distance education (DE) practices around the world use a wide range of audio‐visual technologies to overcome the lack of direct contact between teachers and students. These are not universally adopted by DE teachers, however, nor even encouraged by their institutions. This article discusses the organisational attitudes that can lead to outdated methods being maintained and successful ones abandoned, and it suggests that, just as educational television and programmed learning were supplanted in previous decades, so the World Wide Web could be abandoned as a viable education medium in the foreseeable future and replaced by more widely available media such as the cell phone. The article contrasts the learner‐centred philosophies underlying current DE approaches with the teacher‐centred philosophies of a generation ago. If these two philosophies are not united in a sensible middle ground, the article suggests, history may come to regard today’s DE as a Dark Age less enlightened than when Genghis Khan sent his arrow riders to deliver the mail in person across the Mongolian steppes, and when Lenin dispatched educational media experts to deliver DE materials by hand across the post‐revolutionary Soviet Union. The main losers in this scenario, the article concludes, will be the students of the developing world.     

Establishing Mental Health Services for the Japanese Community in the United Kingdom

Some ethnic minority groups in the U.K. have worked on mental health issues within their communities, but there has been little research of how the Japanese community regards these issues. However, it has been shown recently that there are Japanese people in the U.K. who are suffering from living in another culture, and the need to establish systems and facilities to deal with mental health issues for the Japanese community has been identified. It is important to explore how we can develop the services in a culturally appropriate way. In the U.K., counselling and psychotherapy are largely based on Western psychology and cross-cultural issues focus mainly on Black/White relationships, and some issues are not applicable to Japanese clients. This article explains the current stream of cross-cultural issues in the U.K. and some aspects of Japanese culture. It goes on to summarise research results and address the need for professional services, highlighting possible obstacles and problems, as well as the areas where more work is required.     

‘Do they think we live in huts?’ – Cultural essentialism and the challenges of facilitating professional development in cross-cultural settings

Depending on the particular definition of culture they employ, pedagogical approaches meant to promote integration, inclusion, and empowerment across cultural divides can end up magnifying existing feelings of alienation, exclusion, and disempowerment. This article explores the negative consequences that can arise when ‘funds of knowledge’ approaches are employed to construct ‘culturally responsive pedagogy’ through the case of the Sharing the Environment programme, a situated professional development programme that sought to promote inquiry-based environmental education at the elementary school level. The programme directors' efforts to mediate the cultural differences between the different groups of participating teachers inadvertently engendered a process of ‘othering’ that actually inflamed the ethnocentric opinions participants had of one another. I argue that the reasons their well-intentioned, theoretically grounded efforts failed so spectacularly have to do with their reliance on a particular, essentialised concept of ‘culture’ that entered science education research in the 1950s and remains at the heart of funds of knowledge pedagogical approaches.     

基于元数据及语意网的学习技术探讨

本描述了元数据和语意网的基本概念，重点介绍了基于元数据和语意网的学习技术系统的基本模型和组成部分，并对元数据和语意网环境下的学习技术的未来发展趋势进行了展望。