For the Good of the Game? The Legacy of the Football Trust,the Football Pools,and the Dangerous Seduction of Political Promise

During the late twentieth century, the United Kingdom’s football infrastructure and spectatorship underwent transformation as successive stadia disasters heightened political and public scrutiny of the game and prompted industry change. Central to this process was the government’s formation of an independent charitable organization to oversee subsequent policy implementation and grant-aid provision to clubs for safety, crowd, and spectator requirements. This entity, which began in 1975 focusing on ground improvement, developed into the Football Trust. The Trust was funded directly by the football pools companies who ran popular low-stakes football betting enterprises. Working in association with the Pools Promoters Association (PPA), and demonstrating their social responsibility towards the game’s constituents, the pools resourced a wide array of Trust activities. Yet irrespective of government mandate, the PPA and Trust were continually confronted by political and economic obstacles that threatened the effectiveness of their arrangements. In this paper the history of the Football Trust is investigated, along with its partnership with the PPA, and its relationship with the government within the context of broader political shifts, stadia catastrophes, official inquiries, and commercial threats. It is contended that while the Trust/PPA partnership had a respectable legacy, their history afforded little protection against adverse contemporary conditions.     

福州亚热带气候

本文根据福州站气象资料,对福州地区亚热带气候进行分析,并与同纬度内陆地区类比,结果表明,福州的季风气候,更具海洋性特色,它既隐藏丰富的气候资源,又存在气象灾害频繁之不足。     

古代湖南减灾防灾措施简论

湖南素为自然灾害频发地区。古代曾采取过兴修水利、植树造林、指导农耕等减灾防灾措施，对减缓灾害危害的烈度具有一定的意义。     

试论我国灾害损失的赔偿机制

中国灾害种类多,造成的损失大。目前我国灾害损失的赔偿主要以国家为主体,要减少灾害的损失,我们要反思人类的行为,增强减灾防灾意识,同时逐步建立国家和市场相结合的灾害损失的赔偿机制。     

From Aberfan to the ‘Canvey Factor’: schools,children and industrial disasters

Children, and schools, are potent symbols of victimhood in industrial disasters. In the case of historical industrial disasters such as Aberfan and Flixborough, and in terms of preparation for future industrial disasters under Control of Major Accident Hazard regulations, communities are seen as passive responders to accidents. Moreover, following industrial accidents, communities are frequently accused of culpability or profiting from the disaster. There is hence a double pathologisation in play, with communities seen as comprising passive victims and manipulative survivors. Using an historical approach, the official accounts of the Aberfan and Flixborough industrial accidents are challenged with a focus on schools and children. Rather than being passive victims of these accidents, schools and children demonstrated agency in terms of their tacit knowledge, reporting potential accidents and recording their consequences. This provides a lens through which to interrogate current policy on industrial safety as it relates to schools and communities.     

驻马店洪涝灾害的特点及成因分析

驻马店洪涝灾害发生频繁，季节集中，强度大，范围广，空间分布不均，发展趋于小水量，高水位和大灾情，降水和土形是产生洪涝灾害的直接原因，而人类活动则通过水土流失，河道设障等方面间接地，缓慢地形影响洪灾的发生，驻马店未来减灾必须采取工程和非工程措施，走综合治理之路。     

技术灾害管理中的政策创新

不同于自然灾害,技术灾害往往多是人为的、只要多加投入就可部分或全部避免的,因而对技术灾害管理的关键点和着力点,就应该采取完善技术管理体系、鼓励技术社团组织发展、普及科技知识、进行技术监控体系建设等,并要积极遵守公众参与克服有限理性原则、程序公正原则、公民社会协同等政策创新原则,以期减少技术灾害损失和发生可能性、取得较好的技术灾害管理绩效。     

Information determinism: The consequences of the faith in information

We identify and examine the assumption of information determinism that is commonplace in policy arenas: that mere access to the “right information” will precipitate desired actions. Our analysis focuses on implications of information determinism in three cases: California disaster response plans in the 1980s, an Indian development project in the 1990s, and an education project directed at the Global South in the 2000s. Our analyses shows that planning based on information deterministic assumptions tends to overlook the sociomaterial circumstances of information production and circulation, including how social structures and materiality shape information in practice. Further, they imbue what we call “information” with the agency to bring about change. While we do not deny that “information” can be useful, we argue that policy needs to move away from information deterministic thinking and its singular focus on information access to address the needs of marginalized and vulnerable populations.     

哈佛大学日本灾害数字档案项目建设的特点与启示

本文以哈佛大学日本灾害数字档案项目(Japan Disasters Digital Archive)为研究对象,介绍项目实施的背景、建设的意义、网站的组成模块等内容.通过分析哈佛大学日本灾害数字档案项目建设特点,为我国开展突发事件档案资源建设提供借鉴和参考.     

梅州市农业气象灾害特点及减灾对策

本文从孕灾环境、致灾因子、承灾体及灾情等4个方面分析了梅州市农业气象灾害的特点,并对主要农业气象灾害的发生规律进行了阐述,在此基础上提出减灾对策。