关于当前博士研究生培养改革的思考

当前,为了更好地促进博士研究生创新精神和创新能力的培养,不断提高博士研究生的培养质量,我们需要不断深化教育改革,而正确认识博士研究生培养尤其是课程改革是其前提。对此,我们需要从以下几方面进行反思:第一,博士研究生按一级学科管理与培养是两个不同范畴,不能简单将两者等同化,即以管理思维来化约培养过程中的复杂性与多样性;第二,无论是就历史还是就现实而言,博士研究生教育的关键环节不是课程而是科研训练,为博士研究生教育提供共同的知识基础是本科、硕士阶段教育的责任,博士研究生的培养与课程设计的权力应在基层培养单位而不是行政部门;第三,虽然在不同时期,实质性功用和形式性功用使探究性、个性化的研究生课程教学成为研究生培养过程之一,但当前我国博士研究生培养的问题应在于培养目标的厘清,而非课程建设。为此,哥伦比亚大学教师学院的相关做法或许值得我们借鉴。     

国内外信息行为博硕论文比较研究

以信息行为领域的114篇国内博硕论文和124篇国外博硕论文为样本,从基本情况（学位层次、发表时间、所属机构、学科分布）、信息行为的主体和客体、信息行为的类型、高频关键词、研究方法、研究深度6个方面进行国内外比较研究。结果发现,国内外共同点主要有3点：信息行为主体、客体的广泛性和多样化;相对于其它类型的信息行为而言,信息搜寻行为研究占主导地位;总频次位于前3位的研究方法是调查法、统计分析法和访谈法。国内外主要不同之处在于学位层次、学科分布、信息行为的主体和客体类型、研究深度方面存在差异。最后,对国内未来有志于从事信息行为研究的博硕士研究生提出5条研究建议。     

博士生党建工作长效机制创新研究

博士生党建是研究生思想政治教育工作的重要组成部分,同时也是高校学生党建工作中的重点和难点,一些显而易见且较为突出的问题亟待研究和解决。该文提出了“一树二建三保障”的博士生党建工作模式,以提升组织力为目标,从加强博士生党支部自身建设、全员育人结对共建,加强博士生党建组织保障、队伍保障和激励保障等角度提出了具体对策和思路。     

台北科技大学技职教育研究所博士生培养模式评介

博士生培养模式是影响博士生培养质量的关键因素。台北科技大学技职教育研究所的博士生培养模式从构造样式到运行方式都有其独特之处,对我国大陆职业技术教育学博士生培养具有一定的启迪价值。     

Sharing the Stories of Racism in Doctoral Education: The Anti-Racism Project

Racism Project. Through shared journaling and group discussions, participants explored and interrogated experiences of racism related to doctoral education. A thematic analysis of qualitative data surfaced several themes: experiences with racism as a doctoral student, noticing the presence of White privilege, learning to teach as an anti-racist educator, and anticipating the job market. Through critical reflection, participants identified ways that schools of social work can better support doctoral students and prepare leaders committed to promoting racial justice.     

A new approach to evaluating the well-being of PhD research students

This study describes the development of an assessment to evaluate the well-being of PhD researchers using a clinically approved methodology that places the perceptions and experiences of the subject population at the heart of its construction. It identifies and assesses the range and relative importance of seven distinct dimensions which are shown to impact adversely on the perceived well-being of student researchers across all stages of their studies. According to the findings, the well-being of doctoral students comprises needs relating to development, facilities, home and health, research, social, supervisor and university. The instrument was found to demonstrate good content validity and internal reliability. Its use offers new insights into the experiences of early career researchers and may inform efforts to better support them. This, in turn, may have a positive impact upon retention levels and future career choices for this research population.     

Transitions,transformations and finding success. A phenomenological analysis of the experiences of a doctoral student in early candidature

ABSTRACT

This article examines and analyses the authentic experiences of a doctoral student, Kate, in the period just prior to Confirmation, an academic milestone in the Australian doctoral education context. The article uses qualitative phenomenological inquiry as the methodology and employs ideas drawn from the writings of hermeneutical phenomenologist, Paul Ricoeur, especially his notions of narrative, self, time, and human agency. These ideas are utilised in order to ‘get inside’ the constructions of self, the strategies of learning and adaptation, and the experiences of being a doctoral candidate within the milieu of an Australian university education faculty. The writers argue that such a close and personal examination of experience and a hermeneutical approach to analysis is important for a deep understanding about how Kate negotiated her way through the hurdles of early candidature and adapted her life and identities towards success. Particular focus is given to Kate’s experiences of transition and change and the formation of her academic identity that emerged out of these experiences, which led to successful negotiation of this early period of candidature. The research findings reported in this article suggest that Kate’s deep reflexivity, enjoyment of her research and sense of her own well-being as a doctoral student are significant for her perseverance through difficult milestones and ultimately her successful completion of her PhD.     

博士生希望什么样的培养环境——基于博士生意见调查的实证研究

博士生对院校培养工作的意见是进行培养环境优化的重要依据。基于1200余名博士生调查数据,采用混合式研究方法展开探索,结果发现:第一,博士生意见集中在奖助体系、导师指导、考核评价和学术交流上,具体内容分别指向奖助学金支持力度不够,导师的学术指导缺位,考核评价方式固化单一,学术交流机会不足;第二,在学科差异上,理工科博士生的导师指导满意度和科研自由度得分较低,并且相比其它学科学生提出较多导师指导方面的意见,人文学科博士生更加支持采用1篇论文代表作的评价方式,并且相比其它学科学生提出较多考核评价方面的意见。基于上述发现提出博士生培养环境的改进对策。     

以学术为业还是以市场为业——博士生职业选择的变化、原因及启示

传统而言,博士生毕业后继续从事学术工作。但是这一现象正在发生改变,博士毕业生开始谋求非学术职业,其中理工科的比例更高。这一变化的首要原因是社会对知识和人力资本的强烈需求,博士生能力提升项目与市场化的求职意愿也推动更多毕业生进入工商业界。我国博士生教育的可能走向是实行博士生教育分流机制:亲学院派保持博士生培养传统,亲市场派满足社会需求。同时,改革博士生培养方案与扩招应用型理工科博士生也是两大趋势。     

博士生的延期毕业率到底有多高 ——基于2017年全国离校调查数据的实证研究

基于2017年全国博士生离校调查数据进行的实证研究发现:博士生的平均延期率为39.68%,在延期群体中,48.15%的平均延期时间为一年,且延期率和延期时间在不同个体、不同学科及不同院校之间存在不同程度的差异性。进一步的回归分析发现:首先,自然科学中,男性延期概率显著低于女性;入学年龄越大,延期概率越高,延期时间也越长;博士生培养的贯通程度越高,则延期概率越低。其次,与人文学科相比,农学的延期概率显著更高而医学延期率显著更低;入选"一流学科"的博士生延期概率显著更低。第三,在自然科学中,院校层次越高,则博士生延期概率越高,但不同区域间延期率的差异并不显著。根据不同学科"内在规定性"和学科知识生产属性制定合理的培养周期是重要的改革趋势。