1999年-2009年全国优秀博士论文分布形态计量分析

以1999年-2009年1 082篇全国优秀博士学位论文为研究对象,对优秀博士论文的区域分布、授予单位、学科领域的分布形态进行了计量分析。结果显示,优秀博士论文在区域、学位授予单位、学科几个层面的分布都显示出不均衡的状态,而这种不均衡背后有着较为深远的影响因素在起作用。     

The Experience of Doctoral Studies in the UK and France: differences in epistemology,research objects and training

This article investigates how doctoral students perceive their research education in different disciplines in two higher education systems, the UK and France. It explores what underlies the diversity of doctoral students' experiences. Three theoretical positions are identified: the epistemological position, conceptualisation of research objects and organisational structures of research training. A questionnaire on the experiences of research training was distributed to doctoral students in Economics & Management (representative of social sciences) and Chemistry (representative of natural sciences) in France and was compared to a survey carried out earlier in Education (representative of social sciences) and Chemistry (representative of natural sciences) in the UK. Strikingly, similar disciplinary patterns were found in the doctoral research experiences in the two countries. The findings were used to review the three theoretical positions on the experiences of doctoral studies.     

女博士就业初探——基于落实率和求职过程及结果的分析

本文通过对北京某综合性研究型大学2005年-2010年博士毕业生历史数据的梳理,以及对2010届毕业生的问卷调查,比较了男、女博士毕业生的年终落实率和求职过程与结果。研究发现,女博士获得第一个工作机会所需时间长于男博士。但在落实率、获得的工作机会总数、实习期间和实习期后起薪,以及工作满意度方面,均不存在显著的性别差异。基于上述结果,本文讨论了女博士在求职过程和结果上的特殊性,提出了有针对性的辅导建议。     

基于共词分析的我国情报学博硕士学位论文研究热点分析

通过选取我国情报学博硕士学位论文的高频关键词进行两两统计其在同一篇文献中出现的次数,来构造共词矩阵,进而转化为相关矩阵、相异矩阵。对不同的矩阵进行多维尺度分析、聚类分析、因子分析。综合分析结果发现当前的研究热点主要有三方面:信息检索技术的理论与实践,图书馆的建设与服务,电子商务、电子政务的信息化。     

博士生党建工作长效机制创新研究

博士生党建是研究生思想政治教育工作的重要组成部分,同时也是高校学生党建工作中的重点和难点,一些显而易见且较为突出的问题亟待研究和解决。该文提出了“一树二建三保障”的博士生党建工作模式,以提升组织力为目标,从加强博士生党支部自身建设、全员育人结对共建,加强博士生党建组织保障、队伍保障和激励保障等角度提出了具体对策和思路。     

以规范为基础 以创新求发展——体育博士生培养若干问题的探讨

采用调查研究与文献研究结合的方法，结合北京体育大学博士生培养实践，探讨了确立以规范为基础，以创新求发展的博士生培养理念，抓好培养过程的各个环节；加强导师队伍建设，创新培养方法；培养过程与科研密切结合等问题，以提高博士生培养质量。     

近10年硕博类论文对民族体育的研究动态与展望

运用文献资料法、数理统计法等方法,对2000—2010年我国硕博类论文中关于民族体育的研究进行了统计分析。结果表明:从2002年开始民族体育研究的数量呈上升趋势;北京体育大学和西南大学是民族体育研究的主要高校;研究方法丰富多样但大多停留在定性方法的使用上;研究内容主要是与学校体育方面;重西北和西南地区轻东北和华东地区。同时,对未来民族体育的研究进行了展望。     

Teaching development for doctoral students: what can we learn from activity theory?

This paper explores issues relating to programmes for doctoral students wishing to gain experience of, and develop skills in, teaching. The focus is on “Developing Learning and Teaching” – a new provision at the University of Oxford. The purpose is to exemplify how activity theory can be used to situate particular programmes and individual experiences in a wider systemic setting. The authors explain the concepts of the activity system, and use these to identify systemic tensions (analysing university‐wide survey data), then to assess whether the provision has addressed these tensions (analysing data from interviews with participants).

Cet article explore les questions soulevées par les programmes destinés aux doctorants intéressés à acquérir une expérience d’enseignement et à développer leurs compétences d’enseignement. Le centre d’intérêt est placé sur ? «Developing Learning and Teaching» ? – un nouveau cours offert à l’université d’Oxford. L’objectif est de démontrer comment la théorie de l’activité peut être utilisée de façon à situer des programmes spécifiques et des expériences individuelles dans un contexte systémique plus vaste. Nous expliquons les concepts du système d’activité et utilisons ceux‐ci de façon à identifier des tensions systémiques (par l’analyse de données recueillies par questionnaire à la grandeur de l’université), puis évaluons si le cours cible ces tensions (par l’analyse de données recueillies par entretien auprès des participants).     

Different for women? The challenges of doctoral studies

This exploratory study investigates gender-specific differences in the challenges of the doctoral experience through the observations of a counsellor working with doctoral students. The article first contextualises the study within the literature investigating doctoral attrition and gender equity, showing that identity transformation over the doctorate is problematic in particular aspects for women. We confirm that cultural expectations regarding women passivity, family nurturance and (at least symbolic) subordination to male authority can cause tensions between women's social relationships and academic performance which values assertiveness, clear communication and confident management of power relationships. We identify various conflicts between the female roles of the social sphere and the academic arena that problematise the identity transition of the doctorate from student to independent researcher.     

Student-centred and teacher-centred learning environments: what students think

This contribution explores the relationship between teacher-centred and student-centred learning environments from a student's perspective. Three different views with respect to this relationship can be retrieved. The balance view suggests that the more teacher-centred a learning environment is, the less student-centred it is and vice versa. The transactional view stresses the continuous renegotiation of teacher- and student-roles. The independent view argues that teacher- and student-centredness are independent features of learning environments. Results from three survey studies of higher education students’ conceptions of quality education are discussed. While the practice-oriented literature regularly seems to adopt a balance view, factor analyses did not reveal evidence for the balance view in any of these studies. In students’ minds student-centredness and teacher-centredness seem to be mutually reinforcing features of high quality education. From a curricular point of view, and especially with regard to teacher training, the results warrant to argue for the development of so-called powerful learning environments rather than for the transition from teacher-centred towards student-centred learning environments.